Reliability and validity analysis
| Variable | Item | Mean | Standard deviation | Outer loading | Cronbach’s α | Composite reliability | Average variance extracted (AVE) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| City branding personality | CBP1 | 4.407 | 0.974 | 0.819 | |||
| CBP2 | 4.019 | 0.895 | 0.815 | ||||
| CBP3 | 3.848 | 0.686 | 0.828 | ||||
| CBP4 | 3.844 | 0.683 | 0.776 | ||||
| CBP5 | 4.186 | 0.863 | 0.815 | ||||
| CBP6 | 3.814 | 0.729 | 0.647 | ||||
| CBP7 | 3.821 | 0.762 | 0.798 | ||||
| CBP8 | 4.179 | 0.916 | 0.832 | ||||
| CBP9 | 3.939 | 0.820 | 0.817 | ||||
| CBP10 | 4.289 | 0.872 | 0.812 | ||||
| CBP11 | 4.114 | 0.819 | 0.831 | ||||
| CBP12 | 3.886 | 0.699 | 0.821 | ||||
| CBP13 | 4.388 | 0.837 | 0.836 | ||||
| CBP14 | 4.331 | 0.868 | 0.843 | ||||
| CBP15 | 4.361 | 0.869 | 0.824 | ||||
| 0.962 | 0.966 | 0.654 | |||||
| Brand experience | BE1 | 4.285 | 0.947 | 0.840 | |||
| BE2 | 4.099 | 0.821 | 0.831 | ||||
| BE3 | 4.373 | 0.875 | 0.890 | ||||
| BE4 | 4.125 | 0.815 | 0.893 | ||||
| BE5 | 4.061 | 0.806 | 0.859 | ||||
| BE6 | 4.228 | 0.855 | 0.871 | ||||
| BE7 | 4.122 | 0.809 | 0.882 | ||||
| BE8 | 4.118 | 0.812 | 0.869 | ||||
| 0.953 | 0.960 | 0.752 | |||||
| Brand satisfaction | BS1 | 4.202 | 0.894 | 0.888 | |||
| BS2 | 4.156 | 0.865 | 0.925 | ||||
| BS3 | 4.129 | 0.812 | 0.914 | ||||
| 0.895 | 0.935 | 0.827 | |||||
| Perceived risk | PR1 | 4.163 | 0.881 | 0.816 | |||
| PR2 | 4.152 | 0.804 | 0.858 | ||||
| PR3 | 4.167 | 0.895 | 0.872 | ||||
| PR4 | 3.970 | 0.750 | 0.873 | ||||
| PR5 | 3.954 | 0.769 | 0.829 | ||||
| PR6 | 4.053 | 0.930 | 0.786 | ||||
| PR7 | 3.939 | 0.782 | 0.857 | ||||
| PR8 | 4.156 | 0.895 | 0.804 | ||||
| 0.939 | 0.949 | 0.701 | |||||
| Revisit intention | RI1 | 3.958 | 0.624 | 0.869 | |||
| RI2 | 3.981 | 0.672 | 0.848 | ||||
| RI3 | 4.053 | 0.875 | 0.649 | ||||
| RI4 | 4.011 | 0.732 | 0.747 | ||||
| 0.787 | 0.862 | 0.613 |
| Variable | Item | Mean | Standard deviation | Outer loading | Cronbach’s | Composite reliability | Average variance extracted (AVE) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| City branding personality | CBP1 | 4.407 | 0.974 | 0.819 | |||
| CBP2 | 4.019 | 0.895 | 0.815 | ||||
| CBP3 | 3.848 | 0.686 | 0.828 | ||||
| CBP4 | 3.844 | 0.683 | 0.776 | ||||
| CBP5 | 4.186 | 0.863 | 0.815 | ||||
| CBP6 | 3.814 | 0.729 | 0.647 | ||||
| CBP7 | 3.821 | 0.762 | 0.798 | ||||
| CBP8 | 4.179 | 0.916 | 0.832 | ||||
| CBP9 | 3.939 | 0.820 | 0.817 | ||||
| CBP10 | 4.289 | 0.872 | 0.812 | ||||
| CBP11 | 4.114 | 0.819 | 0.831 | ||||
| CBP12 | 3.886 | 0.699 | 0.821 | ||||
| CBP13 | 4.388 | 0.837 | 0.836 | ||||
| CBP14 | 4.331 | 0.868 | 0.843 | ||||
| CBP15 | 4.361 | 0.869 | 0.824 | ||||
| Brand experience | BE1 | 4.285 | 0.947 | 0.840 | |||
| BE2 | 4.099 | 0.821 | 0.831 | ||||
| BE3 | 4.373 | 0.875 | 0.890 | ||||
| BE4 | 4.125 | 0.815 | 0.893 | ||||
| BE5 | 4.061 | 0.806 | 0.859 | ||||
| BE6 | 4.228 | 0.855 | 0.871 | ||||
| BE7 | 4.122 | 0.809 | 0.882 | ||||
| BE8 | 4.118 | 0.812 | 0.869 | ||||
| Brand satisfaction | BS1 | 4.202 | 0.894 | 0.888 | |||
| BS2 | 4.156 | 0.865 | 0.925 | ||||
| BS3 | 4.129 | 0.812 | 0.914 | ||||
| Perceived risk | PR1 | 4.163 | 0.881 | 0.816 | |||
| PR2 | 4.152 | 0.804 | 0.858 | ||||
| PR3 | 4.167 | 0.895 | 0.872 | ||||
| PR4 | 3.970 | 0.750 | 0.873 | ||||
| PR5 | 3.954 | 0.769 | 0.829 | ||||
| PR6 | 4.053 | 0.930 | 0.786 | ||||
| PR7 | 3.939 | 0.782 | 0.857 | ||||
| PR8 | 4.156 | 0.895 | 0.804 | ||||
| Revisit intention | RI1 | 3.958 | 0.624 | 0.869 | |||
| RI2 | 3.981 | 0.672 | 0.848 | ||||
| RI3 | 4.053 | 0.875 | 0.649 | ||||
| RI4 | 4.011 | 0.732 | 0.747 | ||||
Source(s): Authors’ own elaboration