Table 1 Descriptive statistics Variable... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Descriptive statistics

Variable	Obs.	Mean	Std. Dev.	Min	Max
Panel A: descriptive statistics for all variables
SW	232	54.156	17.297	16.17	97.470
WORKF	232	61.682	23.545	6.41	99.733
COMM	232	47.456	25.523	5.172	98.773
HUMAN	232	47.641	23.059	15.333	96.791
PROD	232	48.797	26.283	8.257	98.958
INDREV	232	0.694	0.462	0.000	1.000
DA	232	44.00	1.500	3.000	11.60
SIZE	232	22.127	1.384	19.455	25.824
LEV	232	0.572	0.201	0.129	0.918
GROWTH	232	0.018	0.195	−0.537	1.022
LIQUID	232	1.813	1.008	0.419	5.847
HILIT	232	0.078	0.268	0.000	1.000
DUALITY	232	0.065	0.246	0.000	1.000
BDSIZE	232	9.905	2.307	5.000	16.000
BDIND	232	0.482	0.129	0.125	1.000
ACIND	232	0.399	0.109	0.188	0.750

Variable	Obs.	Mean	Std. Dev.	Min	Max
Panel A: descriptive statistics for all variables
SW	232	54.156	17.297	16.17	97.470
WORKF	232	61.682	23.545	6.41	99.733
COMM	232	47.456	25.523	5.172	98.773
HUMAN	232	47.641	23.059	15.333	96.791
PROD	232	48.797	26.283	8.257	98.958
INDREV	232	0.694	0.462	0.000	1.000
DA	232	44.00	1.500	3.000	11.60
SIZE	232	22.127	1.384	19.455	25.824
LEV	232	0.572	0.201	0.129	0.918
GROWTH	232	0.018	0.195	−0.537	1.022
LIQUID	232	1.813	1.008	0.419	5.847
HILIT	232	0.078	0.268	0.000	1.000
DUALITY	232	0.065	0.246	0.000	1.000
BDSIZE	232	9.905	2.307	5.000	16.000
BDIND	232	0.482	0.129	0.125	1.000
ACIND	232	0.399	0.109	0.188	0.750

Sample	INDREV = 1 (N = 161)		INDREV = 0 (N = 71)		Diff
Sample	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	b	t-value
Panel B: comparison of means between IR4.0 and non-IR4.0 samples
SW	58.434	16.575	44.455	14.896	−13.979***	(−6.360)
WORKF	68.004	21.946	47.347	20.691	−20.658***	(−6.878)
COMM	50.113	26.594	41.431	21.910	−8.683*	(−2.600)
HUMAN	51.509	24.032	38.871	17.948	−12.638***	(−4.434)
PROD	50.520	26.661	44.890	25.153	−5.630	(−1.542)
DA	0.044	0.015	0.045	0.015	0.001	(0.294)
SIZE	22.304	1.504	21.727	0.957	−0.577***	(−3.518)
LEV	0.593	0.218	0.526	0.145	−0.067**	(−2.753)
GROWTH	0.021	0.163	0.011	0.253	−0.010	(−0.295)
LIQUID	1.720	0.994	2.025	1.016	0.306*	(2.128)
HILIT	0.050	0.218	0.141	0.350	0.091*	(2.026)
DUALITY	0.087	0.283	0.014	0.119	−0.073**	(−2.765)
BDSIZE	10.286	2.346	9.042	1.974	−1.243***	(−4.166)
BDIND	0.479	0.135	0.487	0.115	0.008	(0.455)
ACIND	0.393	0.108	0.414	0.111	0.021	(1.330)

Sample	INDREV = 1 (N = 161)		INDREV = 0 (N = 71)		Diff
Sample	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	b	t-value
Panel B: comparison of means between IR4.0 and non-IR4.0 samples
SW	58.434	16.575	44.455	14.896	−13.979***	(−6.360)
WORKF	68.004	21.946	47.347	20.691	−20.658***	(−6.878)
COMM	50.113	26.594	41.431	21.910	−8.683*	(−2.600)
HUMAN	51.509	24.032	38.871	17.948	−12.638***	(−4.434)
PROD	50.520	26.661	44.890	25.153	−5.630	(−1.542)
DA	0.044	0.015	0.045	0.015	0.001	(0.294)
SIZE	22.304	1.504	21.727	0.957	−0.577***	(−3.518)
LEV	0.593	0.218	0.526	0.145	−0.067**	(−2.753)
GROWTH	0.021	0.163	0.011	0.253	−0.010	(−0.295)
LIQUID	1.720	0.994	2.025	1.016	0.306*	(2.128)
HILIT	0.050	0.218	0.141	0.350	0.091*	(2.026)
DUALITY	0.087	0.283	0.014	0.119	−0.073**	(−2.765)
BDSIZE	10.286	2.346	9.042	1.974	−1.243***	(−4.166)
BDIND	0.479	0.135	0.487	0.115	0.008	(0.455)
ACIND	0.393	0.108	0.414	0.111	0.021	(1.330)

Note(s): *, ** and *** represent signiﬁcance at p < 0.10, <0.05 and < 0.01, respectively

Source(s): Table created by authors