Table 2

Associations between the race groups and adverse childhood experiences

Tests conducted (two race groups vs ACE items)
No.Item in ACE questionnaireChi-squared(p < 0.05)Fischer’s exact test(p < 0.05)Bayes factor(1/BF) > 1.0Odds ratio ofBA* vs O**Support for alternative hypothesis
A1Abuse (swearing, humiliation)No (0.169)No (0.195)No (0.39)Yes BA:O =1.39OR only BA > O
A2Abuse (physical)No (0.641)No (0.698)No (0.15)Yes BA:O = 1.13OR only BA > O
A3Abuse (sexual)No (0.782)No (0.851)No (0.10)Yes BA:O = 1.11OR only BA > O
A4Neglect (emotional)No (0.412)No (0.418)No (0.22)No O: BA = 1.01No O≈ BA
A5Neglect (physical)No (0.645)No (0.824)No (0.09)Yes BA:O= 1.23OR only BA > O
A6Dysfunction (divorce)No (0.059)No (0.066)No (1.04)Yes O:BA =1.47OR only O>BA
A7Dysfunction(battered wife)No (0.592)No (0.638)No (0.14)Yes O:BA = 1.18Only OR O>BA
A8Dysfunction(substance abuse)No (0.451)No (0.508)No (0.18)Yes O:BA =1.22Ony OR O>BA
A9Dysfunction(mental illness)No (0.724)No (0.752)No (0.12)Yes O: BA = 1.12Only OR O>BA
A10Dysfunction(imprisonment)No (0.454)No (0.481)No (0.17)Yes BA:0 = 1.24Only OR BA>O

Notes:

*BA = Black African group; **O = Others (White, coloured and Indian)

Source: Table by author

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