Overview of product smartness conceptualizations
| Smartness characteristic/dimension | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Source | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| Rijsdijk et al. (2007) | Autonomy | Ability to learn | Reactivity | Ability to cooperate | Humanlike interaction | Personality | – |
| Rijsdijk and Hultink (2009) | Autonomy | Ability to learn | Reactivity | Ability to cooperate | Humanlike interaction* | Personality* | Multifunctionality |
| Park and Lee (2014) | Autonomy | Ability to learn | Reactivity | Ability to cooperate | Humanlike interaction | – | Multifunctionality |
| Kaldewei and Stummer (2018) | Autonomy | Ability to learn | Reactivity | Ability to cooperate | Humanlike interaction | – | Multifunctionality |
| Lee and Shin (2018) | Autonomy | Adaptability | Reactivity | Ability to cooperate | – | – | Multifunctionality |
| Li et al. (2023) | Intelligence attribute | Connection attribute | – | – | – | ||
| Rhiu and Yun (2018) | Autonomy | Adaptability | Connectivity | Personalization | Multifunctionality | ||
| Henkens et al. (2021) | Actuation | Dynamism | Awareness | Connectivity | – | – | – |
| This study | Actuation | Dynamism | Awareness | Connectivity | Humanlike interaction | – | – |
| Smartness characteristic/dimension | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Source | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| Autonomy | Ability to learn | Reactivity | Ability to cooperate | Humanlike interaction | Personality | – | |
| Autonomy | Ability to learn | Reactivity | Ability to cooperate | Humanlike interaction* | Personality* | Multifunctionality | |
| Autonomy | Ability to learn | Reactivity | Ability to cooperate | Humanlike interaction | – | Multifunctionality | |
| Autonomy | Ability to learn | Reactivity | Ability to cooperate | Humanlike interaction | – | Multifunctionality | |
| Autonomy | Adaptability | Reactivity | Ability to cooperate | – | – | Multifunctionality | |
| Intelligence attribute | Connection attribute | – | – | – | |||
| Autonomy | Adaptability | Connectivity | Personalization | Multifunctionality | |||
| Actuation | Dynamism | Awareness | Connectivity | – | – | – | |
| Actuation | Dynamism | Awareness | Connectivity | Humanlike interaction | – | – | |
Note(s): *Smartness characteristic/dimension not empirically investigated in the study
Source(s): Table created by the authors
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