Table 7

Assessment of direct effects on consumer level

Std. CoefficientR2
Dependent variable: usage intention 74.2%
Enjoyment (+)0.431*** 
Usefulness (+)0.316*** 
Intrusiveness (−)−0.057** 
Control (+)0.029 
Smartness characteristics  
Actuation−0.082*** 
Dynamism0.005n.s 
Awareness0.019n.s 
Connectivity0.008n.s 
Humanlike interaction0.048* 
Dependent variable: enjoyment 46.8%
Actuation0.089*** 
Dynamism0.144*** 
Awareness−0.113*** 
Connectivity0.093*** 
Humanlike interaction0.300*** 
Dependent variable: usefulness 44.5%
Actuation0.134*** 
Dynamism0.124*** 
Awareness−0.107*** 
Connectivity0.142*** 
Humanlike interaction0.295*** 
Dependent variable: intrusiveness 25.4%
Actuation−0.042n.s 
Dynamism−0.081 
Awareness0.197*** 
Connectivity−0.089*** 
Humanlike interaction−0.224*** 
Dependent variable: control 35.1%
Actuation0.033n.s 
Dynamism0.148*** 
Awareness−0.135*** 
Connectivity0.083** 
Humanlike interaction−0.340*** 

Note(s): N = 1,170; Significant results (two-tailed) at p < 0.01 (***) and p < 0.05 (**) are in underline, results (p < 0.10, *) are in italics and nonsignificant effects (n.s.) are in normal font

Source(s): Table created by the authors

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