Table 1 Summary statistics Variables...

Table 1

Summary statistics

Variables	Mean	SD	Min	Max	Median	Skewness	Kurtosis	N
ECB	4.37	0.42	2.64	5.64	4.37	0.14	3.45	509
SARS	4.36	0.57	2.33	5.86	4.31	0.10	2.95	509
LTO	39.65	23.16	4	87	34	0.41	2.03	509
ND	43	24.40	0	100	38	0.62	2.58	509
PDI	75.12	12.76	46	100	75	−0.26	2.50	509
IDV	26.90	12.16	10	80	25	1.71	8.04	509
MAS	48.78	13.14	15	88	46	0.60	3.81	509
UAI	71.38	19.11	30	98	80	−0.60	2.12	509
RDI	2.9	2.18	0	7.7	2.3	0.56	2.07	509
CE	3.74	0.57	2.38	5.56	3.7	0.70	3.75	509

Variables	Mean	SD	Min	Max	Median	Skewness	Kurtosis	N
ECB	4.37	0.42	2.64	5.64	4.37	0.14	3.45	509
SARS	4.36	0.57	2.33	5.86	4.31	0.10	2.95	509
LTO	39.65	23.16	4	87	34	0.41	2.03	509
ND	43	24.40	0	100	38	0.62	2.58	509
PDI	75.12	12.76	46	100	75	−0.26	2.50	509
IDV	26.90	12.16	10	80	25	1.71	8.04	509
MAS	48.78	13.14	15	88	46	0.60	3.81	509
UAI	71.38	19.11	30	98	80	−0.60	2.12	509
RDI	2.9	2.18	0	7.7	2.3	0.56	2.07	509
CE	3.74	0.57	2.38	5.56	3.7	0.70	3.75	509

Note(s): ECB = Board efficacy; SARS = strength of auditing and reporting standards; LTO = long-term orientation versus short-term orientation; ND = indulgence versus restraint; PDI = power distance; IDV = individualism versus collectivism; MAS = masculinity versus femininity; UAI = uncertainty avoidance; RDI = religious diversity and CE = corporate ethics

Source(s): Authors' results

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