Table 4 Performance statistics obtained... | Emerald Publishing

Table 4

Performance statistics obtained during the training and test phases

	Training phase				Test phase
Model	MAE	MSD	RMSE	$R^{2}$	MAE	MSD	RMSE	$R^{2}$
ARIMA	0.0572	395.62	19.89	0.90	0.0337	287.56	16.96	0.92
BPNN	0.0690	401.24	20.03	0.88	0.0588	429.76	20.73	0.89
OWTHGM(1,N)	0.0651	661.85	25.73	0.87	0.0571	531.20	23.05	0.88
GM(1,N)-VAR(p)	0.0983	944.14	30.73	0.75	0.0970	1086.74	32.97	0.73
GPGMC(1,N)	0.0140*	101.01*	10.05*	0.99*	0.0112*	116.78*	10.81*	0.99*

	Training phase				Test phase
Model	MAE	MSD	RMSE	$R^{2}$	MAE	MSD	RMSE	$R^{2}$
ARIMA	0.0572	395.62	19.89	0.90	0.0337	287.56	16.96	0.92
BPNN	0.0690	401.24	20.03	0.88	0.0588	429.76	20.73	0.89
OWTHGM(1,N)	0.0651	661.85	25.73	0.87	0.0571	531.20	23.05	0.88
GM(1,N)-VAR(p)	0.0983	944.14	30.73	0.75	0.0970	1086.74	32.97	0.73
GPGMC(1,N)	0.0140*	101.01*	10.05*	0.99*	0.0112*	116.78*	10.81*	0.99*

Note(s): *Indicates the best statistic

Source(s): Authors’ work