Table 4

Relationship between entrepreneurship and job loss and decrease in income

VariablesUnemployedUnemployedDecrease in incomeDecrease in income
(1)(2)(3)(4)
Entrepreneurship−0.001990.00665−0.53−0.476
−0.0782−0.0791−0.353−0.356
Entrepreneurship × 20201.638***1.643***  
−0.188−0.191  
Financial preparedness 0.03860.142***−0.0481
 −0.0599−0.0519−0.0672
Entrepreneurship × Financial preparedness × 2020   0.224**
   −0.102
18–35 years old0.443**0.379**0.966**0.969**
−0.178−0.171−0.453−0.453
36–55 years old0.398**0.517***1.021**1.024**
−0.186−0.18−0.448−0.448
More than 55 years old0.535***0.609***0.913**0.915**
−0.18−0.173−0.448−0.448
Gender1.181***1.158***−0.0868−0.0898
−0.0744−0.0752−0.0646−0.0646
Urban0.652***0.670***1.329***1.332***
−0.156−0.153−0.151−0.151
Year 20200.542***0.539***0.544***0.659***
−0.0852−0.0862−0.047−0.0712
Constant−9.044***−9.004***−0.514−0.602
−0.178−0.17−0.568−0.57
Observations45,16345,1638,1088,108
Number of households15,39815,3985,6585,658

Note(s): Standard errors in parentheses, ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1

The dependent variables are decrease in income and job loss. Decrease in income takes the value one if the person's income diminished from 2019 to 2020 and the value of zero otherwise. Job loss takes the value of one if the person loses his/her job from 2019 to 2020 and zero otherwise. Entrepreneurship takes the value of one if the person started a new business venture in 2020 and zero otherwise. Financial preparedness is a dummy variable that takes the value one if the person had any banking instrument such as bank accounts and loans and had extra income to his/her main job during 2019 and zero otherwise. Age is a categorial variable that takes the value of one, two, or three depending on the person's age. Gender takes the value of one if the person is a male and zero otherwise. Urban is a variable that takes the value of one if the person comes from the Lima Metropolitan area and zero otherwise and Year 2020 is a dummy variable that takes the value of one in 2020 and zero otherwise. Entrepreneurship × 2020 is an interaction variable that multiplies the Entrepreneurship dummy for 2020 times the Year 2020 dummy. Entrepreneurship × Financial Preparedness × 2020 is and triple interaction variable that multiplies the Entrepreneurship dummy for 2020, the Financial Preparedness dummy for 2020 and the Year 2020 dummy

Source(s): ENAHO. Own elaboration

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