Table 2 Summary of study themes Primary... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2

Summary of study themes

Primary themes	Definition	Examples from study analysis
Product/service innovation	Includes the initiation, implementation, and/or adaptation of core and complementary offerings by an organization, their features, and functionality (Doblin, 2015)	• Team based care delivery • Open medical record systems • Community pharmacies • Specialties, e.g. emergency care services, surgery (and operating rooms), ear, nose, and throat services
Social innovation	Solutions to social problems that are more just, effective, efficient, and/or sustainable than existing solutions and accrue value to society as a whole (Phills et al., 2008)	• Hiring many people from the community • Financial literacy and micro-credit initiatives • Water and sanitation • Educational programs
Business model innovation	Accounts for how the profit structure, i.e. the margin between the assets and fixed cost structure, supports the value proposition, i.e. the product or service that helps customers do more effectively, conveniently, and affordably a job they’ve been trying to do (Hwang and Christensen, 2008)	• Fee for service • Insurance plans • Crowd-sourced community fund for referral care • Government partnerships/collaborations (e.g. with Ministry of Health) • International NGO/Business partnerships/collaborations
Innovation linkage-organizational system behaviors	Includes need identification and opportunity identification behaviors such as searching within the organization, the communities it serves, and the broader health ecosystem for unsolved issues, patient needs, and ideas (Glandon and Counte, 1995; Tan et al., 2005)	• Market need and opportunity identification, e.g. observed weaknesses of healthcare system • Social need and opportunity identification, e.g. proximity/physical access, affordability, malnutrition
Innovation linkage-organizational characteristics	Includes autonomy, prior knowledge, and environmental understanding that may inspire organizational members to innovate despite these perceived constraints	• Desire for autonomy, e.g. focus on self-funding as external/international support decreases • Prior knowledge, e.g. Background in medicine, nursing, agronomy, finance • Flexibility to work with other stakeholders

Primary themes	Definition	Examples from study analysis
Product/service innovation	Includes the initiation, implementation, and/or adaptation of core and complementary offerings by an organization, their features, and functionality (Doblin, 2015)	• Team based care delivery • Open medical record systems • Community pharmacies • Specialties, e.g. emergency care services, surgery (and operating rooms), ear, nose, and throat services
Social innovation	Solutions to social problems that are more just, effective, efficient, and/or sustainable than existing solutions and accrue value to society as a whole (Phills et al., 2008)	• Hiring many people from the community • Financial literacy and micro-credit initiatives • Water and sanitation • Educational programs
Business model innovation	Accounts for how the profit structure, i.e. the margin between the assets and fixed cost structure, supports the value proposition, i.e. the product or service that helps customers do more effectively, conveniently, and affordably a job they’ve been trying to do (Hwang and Christensen, 2008)	• Fee for service • Insurance plans • Crowd-sourced community fund for referral care • Government partnerships/collaborations (e.g. with Ministry of Health) • International NGO/Business partnerships/collaborations
Innovation linkage-organizational system behaviors	Includes need identification and opportunity identification behaviors such as searching within the organization, the communities it serves, and the broader health ecosystem for unsolved issues, patient needs, and ideas (Glandon and Counte, 1995; Tan et al., 2005)	• Market need and opportunity identification, e.g. observed weaknesses of healthcare system • Social need and opportunity identification, e.g. proximity/physical access, affordability, malnutrition
Innovation linkage-organizational characteristics	Includes autonomy, prior knowledge, and environmental understanding that may inspire organizational members to innovate despite these perceived constraints	• Desire for autonomy, e.g. focus on self-funding as external/international support decreases • Prior knowledge, e.g. Background in medicine, nursing, agronomy, finance • Flexibility to work with other stakeholders

Source(s): Authors’ own creation/work