Structure guiding the analysis of the participation spectrum along with quotes illustrating the empirical material
| Quotes | First order codes | Second order categories | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
| ”dialogue also means that we must be completely transparent in what we do and that we always should be available if there are questions ”that is, be transparent at all times throughout the process and really be able to say so” “Then I also think that in that dialogue and collaboration, you have an openness to each other, and in openness you create trust” | Transparent Approachable Available | To be open | Involvement |
| “of course it is good to have participation and dialogue, you have to have that so that everyone has the same information and by that you can start from approximately the same level of knowledge” ”that you meet and hold dialogues or that you attend lectures so that you understand what is happening. Shows the current status” | Continued information Updates Current picture of the project and its process | To be informed | Involvement |
| ”participation means listening to people’s points of view, both in writing and orally” ”I’d say it’s that you … from both parties … listen more than you talk, i.e. that you’re open to other perspectives, it’s just that you’ve talked to someone and then you kind of don’t need to care very much” “so I think if we own the process, it is a little more that we listen to opinions and so” | Express one’s viewpoints and opinions Listen to/in Hear what you say Reprimand | To be listened to | Involvement Interaction |
| “I would say that the dialogue can be one form of a discussion: What are your prerequisites? What are your challenges and what do you want to work on? So that the Region has that communication with … partly with the municipalities and partly with the sub-regions” “There is a receiver and a transmitter, and you take it back and forth, and we acknowledge what is being said, kind of …” | Talk to each other Listen to you Discuss with you Talk to | To discuss | Involvement Interaction |
| “Well, I guess it is the possibility to … give your point of view … so that you feel that you have participated and been asked” “Yes, but then it is more to take in the views of the public and specific stakeholders'/owners of specific issues and their points of view, then we want listen to them” | Make use of what is being communicated and discussed Influence Open for different viewpoints Adjust after viewpoints Acknowledge | To be consulted | Involvement Interaction Influence |
| “and then, participation is about … that we work towards the same goal and are aware about that we may not always get everything, but that sometimes you win and sometimes you lose, it’s a bit like swings and carousels” ”You look at a common theme and then both parties have to give and take … a little bit … then I can’t just have it my way, if I am to work together I must contribute to the whole so that the whole is as good as possible” | Exchange Action-oriented Compromises Reciprocity You must give and take | To give and take | Involvement Interaction Influence |
| “participation can also be to work together, I mean, that you sit down and work with it together” “It is that you sort of produce material together” “Participation for me is … it is more about creating together” | Involvement in each other’s work Work together Produce material together | To collaborate | Involvement Interaction Influence |
| “meetings, consultations, early dialogues must include how to hook arm and get the respective resources and efforts to multiply, because otherwise I think lose it and then you might lose some points” “there it’s about putting your wise heads together and sort of pulling in the same direction, I think, as an authority … or as various public and private actors, you need to try to see … to find common … a common direction of development and sort of work from different fronts towards that goal” | Aim and work for something together Hook arm | To co-create | Involvement Interaction Influence Empowerment |
| Quotes | First order codes | Second order categories | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
| ”dialogue also means that we must be completely transparent in what we do and that we always should be available if there are questions | Transparent | To be open | Involvement |
| “of course it is good to have participation and dialogue, you have to have that so that everyone has the same information and by that you can start from approximately the same level of knowledge” | Continued information | To be informed | Involvement |
| ”participation means listening to people’s points of view, both in writing and orally” | Express one’s viewpoints and opinions | To be listened to | Involvement Interaction |
| “I would say that the dialogue can be one form of a discussion: What are your prerequisites? What are your challenges and what do you want to work on? So that the Region has that communication with … partly with the municipalities and partly with the sub-regions” | Talk to each other | To discuss | Involvement |
| “Well, I guess it is the possibility to … give your point of view … so that you feel that you have participated and been asked” | Make use of what is being communicated and discussed | To be consulted | Involvement |
| “and then, participation is about … that we work towards the same goal and are aware about that we may not always get everything, but that sometimes you win and sometimes you lose, it’s a bit like swings and carousels” | Exchange | To give and take | Involvement |
| “participation can also be to work together, I mean, that you sit down and work with it together” | Involvement in each other’s work | To collaborate | Involvement |
| “meetings, consultations, early dialogues must include how to hook arm and get the respective resources and efforts to multiply, because otherwise I think lose it and then you might lose some points” | Aim and work for something together | To co-create | Involvement |
Source(s): Table created by authors
Sharing content requires targeting cookies to be enabled. Please update your cookie preferences to use this feature.