Table 6 Heterogeneous effects of...

Table 6

Heterogeneous effects of language literacy on the welfare of women in trade

	Full sample		English sample		French sample
	Urban	Rural	Urban	Rural	Urban	Rural
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
First stage
Mother's education	0.00381***	0.00155***	0.0647***	0.07552***	0.000125***	0.000524**
Mother's education	(0.0007626)	(0.000450)	(0.00365)	(0.00668)	(0.0000401)	(0.000215)
Controls included	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Second stage
Language literate	2.168	0.53**
Language literate	(4.081)	(0.2288)
English literate			0.128	0.345***
English literate			(0.240)	(0.11645)
French literate					94.22	−2.012
French literate					(96.72)	(5.095)
Age	0.0492***	−0.0240	0.0532***	0.146***	0.150	0.110***
Age	(0.0132)	(0.0487)	(0.00912)	(0.0192)	(0.0936)	(0.0146)
Square of age	−0.000527***	1.19e-05	−0.000561***	−0.00148***	−0.00142*	−0.00119***
Square of age	(0.000113)	(0.000438)	(8.73e-05)	(0.000177)	(0.000841)	(0.000143)
Log(hours worked)	−0.0297	0.288***	−0.0301	0.0493	−0.0381	0.0891*
Log(hours worked)	(0.0484)	(0.0836)	(0.0477)	(0.0502)	(0.0451)	(0.0466)
Household head	1.119***	2.396***	1.108***	1.481***	1.268***	1.478***
Household head	(0.0671)	(0.344)	(0.0650)	(0.0947)	(0.163)	(0.0951)
Household size	0.0107***	−0.00121	0.0112***	−0.000728	0.0132***	0.00456
Household size	(0.00217)	(0.00424)	(0.00251)	(0.00355)	(0.00366)	(0.00292)
Married	0.252***	1.075***	0.278***	0.280***	0.253***	0.288***
Married	(0.0847)	(0.301)	(0.0593)	(0.0869)	(0.0755)	(0.0971)
Regional dummies	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Constant	2.357***	1.752**	2.271***	−1.214**	−0.427	−0.132
Constant	(0.350)	(0.759)	(0.261)	(0.525)	(2.584)	(0.372)
Observations	9,943	4,525	9,943	4,525	9,915	4,487
R-squared	0.044	−2.019	0.043	0.042	−1.870	0.089
Cragg-Donald F-value	40.023	27.63	360.92	151.080	26.72	37.092
Kleibergen-Paap F-value	24.911	20.221	314.52	127.813	19.81	25.668
Stock-Yogo critical value (10%)	16.38	16.38	16.38	16.38	16.38	16.38

	Full sample		English sample		French sample
	Urban	Rural	Urban	Rural	Urban	Rural
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
First stage
Mother's education	0.00381***	0.00155***	0.0647***	0.07552***	0.000125***	0.000524**
Mother's education	(0.0007626)	(0.000450)	(0.00365)	(0.00668)	(0.0000401)	(0.000215)
Controls included	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Second stage
Language literate	2.168	0.53**
Language literate	(4.081)	(0.2288)
English literate			0.128	0.345***
English literate			(0.240)	(0.11645)
French literate					94.22	−2.012
French literate					(96.72)	(5.095)
Age	0.0492***	−0.0240	0.0532***	0.146***	0.150	0.110***
Age	(0.0132)	(0.0487)	(0.00912)	(0.0192)	(0.0936)	(0.0146)
Square of age	−0.000527***	1.19e-05	−0.000561***	−0.00148***	−0.00142*	−0.00119***
Square of age	(0.000113)	(0.000438)	(8.73e-05)	(0.000177)	(0.000841)	(0.000143)
Log(hours worked)	−0.0297	0.288***	−0.0301	0.0493	−0.0381	0.0891*
Log(hours worked)	(0.0484)	(0.0836)	(0.0477)	(0.0502)	(0.0451)	(0.0466)
Household head	1.119***	2.396***	1.108***	1.481***	1.268***	1.478***
Household head	(0.0671)	(0.344)	(0.0650)	(0.0947)	(0.163)	(0.0951)
Household size	0.0107***	−0.00121	0.0112***	−0.000728	0.0132***	0.00456
Household size	(0.00217)	(0.00424)	(0.00251)	(0.00355)	(0.00366)	(0.00292)
Married	0.252***	1.075***	0.278***	0.280***	0.253***	0.288***
Married	(0.0847)	(0.301)	(0.0593)	(0.0869)	(0.0755)	(0.0971)
Regional dummies	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Constant	2.357***	1.752**	2.271***	−1.214**	−0.427	−0.132
Constant	(0.350)	(0.759)	(0.261)	(0.525)	(2.584)	(0.372)
Observations	9,943	4,525	9,943	4,525	9,915	4,487
R-squared	0.044	−2.019	0.043	0.042	−1.870	0.089
Cragg-Donald F-value	40.023	27.63	360.92	151.080	26.72	37.092
Kleibergen-Paap F-value	24.911	20.221	314.52	127.813	19.81	25.668
Stock-Yogo critical value (10%)	16.38	16.38	16.38	16.38	16.38	16.38

Note(s): Robust standard errors in parentheses. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05 and *p < 0.1

Source(s): Authors' construction based on GLSS 7

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