Table A3.

Identification strategy

VariableCoefficient(t-test)
Age0.000(−1.58)
Marital_status0.000(−0.37)
Education−0.005(−1.60)
Employed−0.014(−1.42)
Retired−0.009(−1.54)
Gender0.005(1.05)
_cons0.190**(2.91)
N211096 
R-squared0.0014 
 F-test0.66 

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE). Here we present an exogeneity test of the treatment group. The model used to test this regression is a linear probability one, using the treatment variable as our dependent variable on all household characteristics and control variables. We use the F-test to check for exogeneity, under the null that all estimated regressors are equal to zero. Given that the F-test is 0.66, we fail to reject the null hypothesis and the identifying assumption of the paper holds. We compute robust standard errors. t-statistics in parentheses: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001

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