Impact of a 1-percent increase in the unemployment rate on the earnings of natives and immigrants
| Natives | Immigrants | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
| Variables | Annual earnings | Average monthly earnings | October earnings | Annual earnings | Average monthly earnings | October earnings |
| UR × exp0 | −0.013*** (0.001) | −0.010*** (0.001) | −0.008*** (0.001) | −0.018*** (0.003) | −0.013*** (0.002) | −0.013*** (0.002) |
| UR × exp1 | −0.011*** (0.001) | −0.009*** (0.001) | −0.008*** (0.001) | −0.016*** (0.003) | −0.012*** (0.002) | −0.012*** (0.002) |
| UR × exp2 | −0.013*** (0.001) | −0.010*** (0.001) | −0.009*** (0.001) | −0.016*** (0.002) | −0.012*** (0.002) | −0.012*** (0.002) |
| UR × exp3 | −0.017*** (0.001) | −0.013*** (0.001) | −0.012*** (0.001) | −0.016*** (0.002) | −0.012*** (0.002) | −0.012*** (0.002) |
| UR × exp4 | −0.020*** (0.001) | −0.015*** (0.001) | −0.014*** (0.001) | −0.017*** (0.002) | −0.013*** (0.002) | −0.012*** (0.002) |
| UR × exp5 | −0.021*** (0.002) | −0.016*** (0.001) | −0.015*** (0.001) | −0.017*** (0.003) | −0.012*** (0.002) | −0.011*** (0.002) |
| UR × exp6 | −0.022*** (0.002) | −0.017*** (0.001) | −0.016*** (0.002) | −0.016*** (0.003) | −0.012*** (0.002) | −0.010*** (0.002) |
| UR × exp7 | −0.024*** (0.002) | −0.018*** (0.002) | −0.017*** (0.002) | −0.014*** (0.003) | −0.011*** (0.002) | −0.010*** (0.002) |
| UR × exp8 | −0.026*** (0.002) | −0.020*** (0.002) | −0.018*** (0.002) | −0.012*** (0.003) | −0.008*** (0.002) | −0.008*** (0.002) |
| UR × exp9 | −0.028*** (0.002) | −0.022*** (0.001) | −0.020*** (0.002) | −0.011*** (0.003) | −0.008*** (0.002) | −0.007*** (0.002) |
| UR × exp10 | −0.029*** (0.002) | −0.023*** (0.002) | −0.021*** (0.002) | −0.008** (0.003) | −0.005* (0.003) | −0.006** (0.002) |
| UR × exp11 | −0.031*** (0.002) | −0.025*** (0.002) | −0.022*** (0.002) | −0.009** (0.004) | −0.006** (0.003) | −0.003 (0.003) |
| UR × exp12 | −0.032*** (0.003) | −0.025*** (0.002) | −0.023*** (0.002) | −0.008 (0.005) | −0.006 (0.004) | −0.007** (0.003) |
| UR × exp13 | −0.032*** (0.003) | −0.025*** (0.002) | −0.023*** (0.003) | −0.009* (0.005) | −0.008* (0.005) | −0.009** (0.004) |
| UR × exp14 | −0.033*** (0.004) | −0.026*** (0.003) | −0.024*** (0.003) | −0.009 (0.008) | −0.005 (0.006) | −0.010** (0.005) |
| Exp. FE | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Region FE | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Entry cohort FE | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Year FE | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Constant | 8.041*** (0.031) | 6.429*** (0.026) | 6.582*** (0.025) | 8.380*** (0.053) | 6.629*** (0.039) | 6.812*** (0.039) |
| Observations | 2,040 | 2,040 | 2,040 | 2,040 | 2,040 | 2,040 |
| R-squared | 0.990 | 0.980 | 0.967 | 0.966 | 0.928 | 0.889 |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Annual earnings | Average monthly earnings | October earnings | Annual earnings | Average monthly earnings | October earnings |
| UR × exp0 | −0.013 | −0.010 | −0.008 | −0.018 | −0.013 | −0.013 |
| UR × exp1 | −0.011 | −0.009 | −0.008 | −0.016 | −0.012 | −0.012 |
| UR × exp2 | −0.013 | −0.010 | −0.009 | −0.016 | −0.012 | −0.012 |
| UR × exp3 | −0.017 | −0.013 | −0.012 | −0.016 | −0.012 | −0.012 |
| UR × exp4 | −0.020 | −0.015 | −0.014 | −0.017 | −0.013 | −0.012 |
| UR × exp5 | −0.021 | −0.016 | −0.015 | −0.017 | −0.012 | −0.011 |
| UR × exp6 | −0.022 | −0.017 | −0.016 | −0.016 | −0.012 | −0.010 |
| UR × exp7 | −0.024 | −0.018 | −0.017 | −0.014 | −0.011 | −0.010 |
| UR × exp8 | −0.026 | −0.020 | −0.018 | −0.012 | −0.008 | −0.008 |
| UR × exp9 | −0.028 | −0.022 | −0.020 | −0.011 | −0.008 | −0.007 |
| UR × exp10 | −0.029 | −0.023 | −0.021 | −0.008 | −0.005 | −0.006 |
| UR × exp11 | −0.031 | −0.025 | −0.022 | −0.009 | −0.006 | −0.003 (0.003) |
| UR × exp12 | −0.032 | −0.025 | −0.023 | −0.008 (0.005) | −0.006 (0.004) | −0.007 |
| UR × exp13 | −0.032 | −0.025 | −0.023 | −0.009 | −0.008 | −0.009 |
| UR × exp14 | −0.033 | −0.026 | −0.024 | −0.009 (0.008) | −0.005 (0.006) | −0.010 |
| YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | |
| YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | |
| YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | |
| YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | |
| Constant | 8.041 | 6.429 | 6.582 | 8.380 | 6.629 | 6.812 |
| Observations | 2,040 | 2,040 | 2,040 | 2,040 | 2,040 | 2,040 |
| 0.990 | 0.980 | 0.967 | 0.966 | 0.928 | 0.889 | |
Notes:
Robust standard errors in parentheses; ***p < 0.01; **p < 0.05; *p < 0.1
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