Table 1 Torraco’s 11 points for... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Torraco’s 11 points for conducting an integrative literature review

Torraco’s point	Our approach
Need and purpose of the review	The impact of COVID-19 has led to an increased need for research on trauma and trauma-informed pedagogy in higher education writ large and across specific disciplines. A preliminary search revealed that such literature is scant. An integrative review could help gather and synthesize what literature exists for future studies. The purpose of this integrative review is identified in the methods section
Topic of the review	The topic is identified and listed in the methods section and research questions, and further defined within the inclusion and exclusion criteria
Author(s) perspective	We describe our perspective in the conceptual framework and identify our interpretation of the definitions of “trauma” and “trauma-informed practices” that guide the synthesis of the articles. We also include an epistemological statement that acknowledges our personal experience with the topic
Organization and structure	Results are arranged thematically. Extracted themes were guided by research questions and synthesized
Discussion of research methods	Research methods generally follow Torraco’s (2005) checklist. In the methods section keywords are listed in a table, we identify the databases we searched and list our inclusion and exclusion criteria
Critical analysis	Critically analyzed strengths, weaknesses and differing perspectives. Conceptual relationships and common themes are identified
Synthesis	Articles were synthesized in the results section. Connective themes between the articles were identified and emergent concepts were proposed
Further research	An in-depth listing of opportunities, questions and recommendations for further research are offered in the conclusion
Logic and conceptual reasoning	The conceptual framework section provides theories and principles that describe the logic of the authors’ synthesis and influenced the direction of the work
Future of the topic	Emergent topics of interest are proposed throughout the results section. An in-depth exploration of the potential future of the topic is described in the discussion
Writing quality	The literature review manuscript went through multiple drafts. Both authors reviewed each draft, discussed potential improvements and edited until satisfactory

Torraco’s point	Our approach
Need and purpose of the review	The impact of COVID-19 has led to an increased need for research on trauma and trauma-informed pedagogy in higher education writ large and across specific disciplines. A preliminary search revealed that such literature is scant. An integrative review could help gather and synthesize what literature exists for future studies. The purpose of this integrative review is identified in the methods section
Topic of the review	The topic is identified and listed in the methods section and research questions, and further defined within the inclusion and exclusion criteria
Author(s) perspective	We describe our perspective in the conceptual framework and identify our interpretation of the definitions of “trauma” and “trauma-informed practices” that guide the synthesis of the articles. We also include an epistemological statement that acknowledges our personal experience with the topic
Organization and structure	Results are arranged thematically. Extracted themes were guided by research questions and synthesized
Discussion of research methods	Research methods generally follow Torraco’s (2005) checklist. In the methods section keywords are listed in a table, we identify the databases we searched and list our inclusion and exclusion criteria
Critical analysis	Critically analyzed strengths, weaknesses and differing perspectives. Conceptual relationships and common themes are identified
Synthesis	Articles were synthesized in the results section. Connective themes between the articles were identified and emergent concepts were proposed
Further research	An in-depth listing of opportunities, questions and recommendations for further research are offered in the conclusion
Logic and conceptual reasoning	The conceptual framework section provides theories and principles that describe the logic of the authors’ synthesis and influenced the direction of the work
Future of the topic	Emergent topics of interest are proposed throughout the results section. An in-depth exploration of the potential future of the topic is described in the discussion
Writing quality	The literature review manuscript went through multiple drafts. Both authors reviewed each draft, discussed potential improvements and edited until satisfactory

Source(s): Author adaptation from Torraco (2016). Copyright 2016 by R.J. Torraco