Table 2 Additional negative messages... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2

Additional negative messages

Themes/messages identified in song lyrics	Connection to gendered leadership issue(s)
Men and women are held to different standards
Society should expect men to have one-night stands to avoid vulnerability and/or getting hurt by a “real” relationship; Portrayal of men as unfaithful partners as a norm that women should accept; Women should be criticized for lewd behaviors, while the same behavior should be tolerated from men	A “boys will be boys” excuse can help men justify treating women poorly; This reinforces the phenomenon that men are not judged as harshly (in the public eye) for “bad behavior” while women are often vilified when they do the same things; Leaders hold women to higher standards at work (Abel, 2019)
If a woman does not stay in ideal physical shape, her significant other will pay for her to have plastic surgery so she can meet his standard	Tearing down female self-confidence and promoting male over-confidence (Chamorro-Premuzic, 2019; Exley & Kessler, 2019)
A male praises his female partner for being “low-maintenance”, inferring that most women are high-maintenance	When we praise a woman at work by calling her “well-spoken” or “professionally dressed”, etc., it can actually be a back-handed compliment that exacerbates stereotypes (Sezer, Prinsloo, Brooks, & Norton, 2019)
Instructing men to “act like a man” or for women to be “ladylike”	There are aspects of navigating leadership spaces that men simply do not have to think about due to male privilege (Schwiter, Nentwich, & Keller, 2021)
Reinforcing stereotypical gender roles in the home	The American Time Use Survey shows that women perform about twice as much home maintenance and care work at home as men, even if a woman also works outside the home (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2021)
Perpetuating the gender wage gap
Women are accepted as back-up dancers in male music videos and criticized when they are the “star” doing the same	Women are often still viewed as best placed in supporting roles, not leadership roles (Singh, Nadim, & Ezzedeen, 2012; Sharen & McGowan, 2019)
Portraying women as “gold diggers”	Seeing men as the primary wage earners reinforces the gender wage gap as “normal”
Men should be most concerned about financial success and not successful relationships	Inequitable promotions are often due to inequitable ways of spending time. Women are left to carry the family while men are free to work longer hours and put more into their work and earning money (Correll, Benard, & Paik, 2007; Grandey et al., 2020; Ko, Kotrba, & Roebuck, 2015)

Themes/messages identified in song lyrics	Connection to gendered leadership issue(s)
Men and women are held to different standards
Society should expect men to have one-night stands to avoid vulnerability and/or getting hurt by a “real” relationship; Portrayal of men as unfaithful partners as a norm that women should accept; Women should be criticized for lewd behaviors, while the same behavior should be tolerated from men	A “boys will be boys” excuse can help men justify treating women poorly; This reinforces the phenomenon that men are not judged as harshly (in the public eye) for “bad behavior” while women are often vilified when they do the same things; Leaders hold women to higher standards at work (Abel, 2019)
If a woman does not stay in ideal physical shape, her significant other will pay for her to have plastic surgery so she can meet his standard	Tearing down female self-confidence and promoting male over-confidence (Chamorro-Premuzic, 2019; Exley & Kessler, 2019)
A male praises his female partner for being “low-maintenance”, inferring that most women are high-maintenance	When we praise a woman at work by calling her “well-spoken” or “professionally dressed”, etc., it can actually be a back-handed compliment that exacerbates stereotypes (Sezer, Prinsloo, Brooks, & Norton, 2019)
Instructing men to “act like a man” or for women to be “ladylike”	There are aspects of navigating leadership spaces that men simply do not have to think about due to male privilege (Schwiter, Nentwich, & Keller, 2021)
Reinforcing stereotypical gender roles in the home	The American Time Use Survey shows that women perform about twice as much home maintenance and care work at home as men, even if a woman also works outside the home (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2021)
Perpetuating the gender wage gap
Women are accepted as back-up dancers in male music videos and criticized when they are the “star” doing the same	Women are often still viewed as best placed in supporting roles, not leadership roles (Singh, Nadim, & Ezzedeen, 2012; Sharen & McGowan, 2019)
Portraying women as “gold diggers”	Seeing men as the primary wage earners reinforces the gender wage gap as “normal”
Men should be most concerned about financial success and not successful relationships	Inequitable promotions are often due to inequitable ways of spending time. Women are left to carry the family while men are free to work longer hours and put more into their work and earning money (Correll, Benard, & Paik, 2007; Grandey et al., 2020; Ko, Kotrba, & Roebuck, 2015)

Source(s): Created by author