Variables and items
| Item | Reference source | |
|---|---|---|
| Green selection and recruitment (GSR) | ||
| GSR1 | The environmental performance of company practice draws employees | Khan et al. (2021) Malik et al. (2021) |
| GSR2 | A company gives preference to hiring individuals with a background in environmental knowledge | |
| GSR3 | The selection of employees considers the influence of environmental motivation | |
| GSR4 | Environmental issues are taken into account at every stage of the hiring process | |
| Green training and development (GTD) | ||
| GTD1 | A company continuously provides training on environmental practices | Khan et al. (2021) Veerasamy et al. (2023) |
| GTD2 | A company prioritizes green training over other types of training | |
| GTD3 | Allocating resources to environmental training is a crucial investment | |
| GTD4 | Providing environmental training to every employee aims to advocate for environmental policy | |
| Green assessment and rewards (GARs) | ||
| GAR1 | Each employee is assigned individual environmental objectives | Khan et al. (2021) Malik et al. (2021) |
| GAR2 | Assessment is conducted for contributions to environmental management | |
| GAR3 | The outcomes of individual performance evaluations are documented | |
| GAR4 | Cash rewards for acknowledging environmental performance | |
| GAR5 | Public recognition is given for environmental performance | |
| Green behavior (GBH) | ||
| GBH1 | I separate biodegradable and nonbiodegradable waste when it is dropped | Veerasamy et al. (2023) George and Jayakumar (2019) |
| GBH2 | I educate my colleagues about eco-friendly practices | |
| GBH3 | I believe that preserving nature is always better than destroying and then repairing it | |
| GBH4 | I understand that the environment is very important for life on earth | |
| GBH5 | I worry about the possibility of depleting natural resources for future generations | |
| Green commitment (GCM) | ||
| GCM1 | I really care about environmental issues in my organization | Afsar and Umrani (2020) Raineri and Paillé (2015) |
| GCM2 | I feel it would be a mistake not to support my company’s environmental efforts | |
| GCM3 | The environmental well-being of my company holds significant value for me | |
| GCM4 | I feel a sense of duty to support the environmental efforts of my company | |
| GCM5 | I truly believe that my company’s environmental issues are my own | |
| GCM6 | I personally feel connected to my company’s environmental concerns | |
| GCM7 | I feel obligated to support my company’s environmental initiatives | |
| GCM8 | I appreciate my company’s environmental efforts | |
| Economic performance (ECP) | ||
| ECP1 | Return on investment (ROI) has risen above the industry average in recent years | Khan et al. (2021) Maletič et al. (2014) |
| ECP2 | Revenue growth has exceeded the industry average in recent years | |
| ECP3 | Profit growth has outpaced the industry average in recent years | |
| ECP4 | Market share has increased in recent years | |
| Environmental performance (EVP) | ||
| EVP1 | Raw material consumption efficiency has improved in recent years | Khan et al. (2021) Maletič et al. (2014) |
| EVP2 | Resource use, including thermal energy, electricity and water, has decreased in recent years (in terms of per unit of income or per unit of production) | |
| EVP3 | The proportion of recycled materials has increased in recent years | |
| EVP4 | Waste rates (e.g. kilogram per unit of product, kilogram per employee per year) have declined in recent years | |
| Social performance (SOP) | ||
| SOP1 | The turnover rate has decreased in recent years | Khan et al. (2021) Maletič et al. (2014) |
| SOP2 | Employee satisfaction has increased in recent years | |
| SOP3 | Employee motivation has increased in recent years | |
| SOP4 | Health and safety performance has improved in recent years | |
| SOP5 | Personnel training and coaching (average number of training days per employee per year) has increased in recent years |
| Item | Reference source | |
|---|---|---|
| GSR1 | The environmental performance of company practice draws employees | |
| GSR2 | A company gives preference to hiring individuals with a background in environmental knowledge | |
| GSR3 | The selection of employees considers the influence of environmental motivation | |
| GSR4 | Environmental issues are taken into account at every stage of the hiring process | |
| GTD1 | A company continuously provides training on environmental practices | |
| GTD2 | A company prioritizes green training over other types of training | |
| GTD3 | Allocating resources to environmental training is a crucial investment | |
| GTD4 | Providing environmental training to every employee aims to advocate for environmental policy | |
| GAR1 | Each employee is assigned individual environmental objectives | |
| GAR2 | Assessment is conducted for contributions to environmental management | |
| GAR3 | The outcomes of individual performance evaluations are documented | |
| GAR4 | Cash rewards for acknowledging environmental performance | |
| GAR5 | Public recognition is given for environmental performance | |
| GBH1 | I separate biodegradable and nonbiodegradable waste when it is dropped | |
| GBH2 | I educate my colleagues about eco-friendly practices | |
| GBH3 | I believe that preserving nature is always better than destroying and then repairing it | |
| GBH4 | I understand that the environment is very important for life on earth | |
| GBH5 | I worry about the possibility of depleting natural resources for future generations | |
| GCM1 | I really care about environmental issues in my organization | |
| GCM2 | I feel it would be a mistake not to support my company’s environmental efforts | |
| GCM3 | The environmental well-being of my company holds significant value for me | |
| GCM4 | I feel a sense of duty to support the environmental efforts of my company | |
| GCM5 | I truly believe that my company’s environmental issues are my own | |
| GCM6 | I personally feel connected to my company’s environmental concerns | |
| GCM7 | I feel obligated to support my company’s environmental initiatives | |
| GCM8 | I appreciate my company’s environmental efforts | |
| ECP1 | Return on investment (ROI) has risen above the industry average in recent years | |
| ECP2 | Revenue growth has exceeded the industry average in recent years | |
| ECP3 | Profit growth has outpaced the industry average in recent years | |
| ECP4 | Market share has increased in recent years | |
| EVP1 | Raw material consumption efficiency has improved in recent years | |
| EVP2 | Resource use, including thermal energy, electricity and water, has decreased in recent years (in terms of per unit of income or per unit of production) | |
| EVP3 | The proportion of recycled materials has increased in recent years | |
| EVP4 | Waste rates (e.g. kilogram per unit of product, kilogram per employee per year) have declined in recent years | |
| SOP1 | The turnover rate has decreased in recent years | |
| SOP2 | Employee satisfaction has increased in recent years | |
| SOP3 | Employee motivation has increased in recent years | |
| SOP4 | Health and safety performance has improved in recent years | |
| SOP5 | Personnel training and coaching (average number of training days per employee per year) has increased in recent years |
Source(s): Authors’ own work
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