Table 2 Summary of the DIF analyses for...

Table 2

Summary of the DIF analyses for the intention to drop out scale

Group	Item	$χ_{12}^{2}$	$χ_{23}^{2}$	$χ_{13}^{2}$	${Δ β}_{1}$	$R_{12}^{2}$	$R_{13}^{2}$	$R_{23}^{2}$
Language	Item 1	0.0659	0.7469	0.2088	0.0019	0.0019	0.0022	0.0003
	Item 2	0.9110	0.2701	0.6151	0.0012	0.0002	0.0016	0.0014
	Item 3	0.0006	0.0007	0.0000	0.0200	0.0071	0.0142	0.0071
	Item 4	0.0000	0.1753	0.0000	0.0185	0.0096	0.0111	0.0016
Campus	Item 1	0.8373	0.8219	0.9453	0.0004	0.0001	0.0002	0.0001
	Item 2	0.7608	0.7933	0.9083	0.0010	0.0002	0.0003	0.0002
	Item 3	0.0001	0.9261	0.0007	0.0201	0.0074	0.0075	0.0001
	Item 4	0.0000	0.0072	0.0000	0.0197	0.0104	0.0133	0.0029
Gender	Item 1	0.4716	0.1180	0.2274	0.0005	0.0001	0.0008	0.0000
	Item 2	0.8245	0.3366	0.6149	0.0000	0.0000	0.0003	0.0000
	Item 3	0.9482	0.8942	0.9891	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
	Item 4	0.0011	0.2040	0.0022	0.0046	0.0031	0.0036	0.0000

Group	Item	$χ_{12}^{2}$	$χ_{23}^{2}$	$χ_{13}^{2}$	${Δ β}_{1}$	$R_{12}^{2}$	$R_{13}^{2}$	$R_{23}^{2}$
Language	Item 1	0.0659	0.7469	0.2088	0.0019	0.0019	0.0022	0.0003
	Item 2	0.9110	0.2701	0.6151	0.0012	0.0002	0.0016	0.0014
	Item 3	0.0006	0.0007	0.0000	0.0200	0.0071	0.0142	0.0071
	Item 4	0.0000	0.1753	0.0000	0.0185	0.0096	0.0111	0.0016
Campus	Item 1	0.8373	0.8219	0.9453	0.0004	0.0001	0.0002	0.0001
	Item 2	0.7608	0.7933	0.9083	0.0010	0.0002	0.0003	0.0002
	Item 3	0.0001	0.9261	0.0007	0.0201	0.0074	0.0075	0.0001
	Item 4	0.0000	0.0072	0.0000	0.0197	0.0104	0.0133	0.0029
Gender	Item 1	0.4716	0.1180	0.2274	0.0005	0.0001	0.0008	0.0000
	Item 2	0.8245	0.3366	0.6149	0.0000	0.0000	0.0003	0.0000
	Item 3	0.9482	0.8942	0.9891	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
	Item 4	0.0011	0.2040	0.0022	0.0046	0.0031	0.0036	0.0000

Note(s): $χ_{12}^{2}$ = chi-square of model 1 compared to model 2; $χ_{13}^{2}$ = chi-square of model 1 compared to model 3; $χ_{23}^{2}$ = chi-square of model 2 compared to model 3; $Δ β_{1}$ = change in beta coefficient; $R_{12}^{2}$ = pseudo-Mcfadden $R^{2}$ of model 1 compared to model 2; $R_{13}^{2}$ = pseudo-Mcfadden $R^{2}$ of model 1 compared to model 3 and $R_{23}^{2}$ = pseudo-Mcfadden $R^{2}$ of model 2 compared to model 3

Source(s): Authors' own work

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