Table 5 Summary of the DIF analyses for...

Table 5

Summary of the DIF analyses for the study satisfaction scale

Group	Item	$χ_{12}^{2}$	$χ_{13}^{2}$	$χ_{23}^{2}$	${Δ β}_{1}$	$R_{12}^{2}$	$R_{13}^{2}$	$R_{23}^{2}$
Language	Item 1	0.1657	0.2148	0.3327	0.0076	0.0027	0.0044	0.0017
	Item 2	0.1899	0.2798	0.4165	0.0055	0.0025	0.0039	0.0013
	Item 3	0.1691	0.2707	0.4468	0.0078	0.0027	0.0039	0.0012
	Item 4	0.1811	0.3870	0.6950	0.0131	0.0026	0.0032	0.0006
Campus	Item 1	0.8639	0.7468	0.4388	0.0016	0.0002	0.0013	0.0011
	Item 2	0.9440	0.4402	0.1620	0.0011	0.0001	0.0026	0.0025
	Item 3	0.8622	0.9301	0.7540	0.0013	0.0002	0.0006	0.0004
	Item 4	0.8573	0.9717	0.9003	0.0014	0.0002	0.0004	0.0001
Gender	Item 1	0.4462	0.7468	0.9524	0.0022	0.0003	0.0003	0.0000
	Item 2	0.1131	0.2792	0.8405	0.0004	0.0014	0.0015	0.0000
	Item 3	0.6203	0.8559	0.7978	0.0016	0.0001	0.0002	0.0000
	Item 4	0.1608	0.2733	0.4282	0.0045	0.0012	0.0016	0.0004

Group	Item	$χ_{12}^{2}$	$χ_{13}^{2}$	$χ_{23}^{2}$	${Δ β}_{1}$	$R_{12}^{2}$	$R_{13}^{2}$	$R_{23}^{2}$
Language	Item 1	0.1657	0.2148	0.3327	0.0076	0.0027	0.0044	0.0017
	Item 2	0.1899	0.2798	0.4165	0.0055	0.0025	0.0039	0.0013
	Item 3	0.1691	0.2707	0.4468	0.0078	0.0027	0.0039	0.0012
	Item 4	0.1811	0.3870	0.6950	0.0131	0.0026	0.0032	0.0006
Campus	Item 1	0.8639	0.7468	0.4388	0.0016	0.0002	0.0013	0.0011
	Item 2	0.9440	0.4402	0.1620	0.0011	0.0001	0.0026	0.0025
	Item 3	0.8622	0.9301	0.7540	0.0013	0.0002	0.0006	0.0004
	Item 4	0.8573	0.9717	0.9003	0.0014	0.0002	0.0004	0.0001
Gender	Item 1	0.4462	0.7468	0.9524	0.0022	0.0003	0.0003	0.0000
	Item 2	0.1131	0.2792	0.8405	0.0004	0.0014	0.0015	0.0000
	Item 3	0.6203	0.8559	0.7978	0.0016	0.0001	0.0002	0.0000
	Item 4	0.1608	0.2733	0.4282	0.0045	0.0012	0.0016	0.0004

Note(s): $χ_{12}^{2}$ = chi-square of model 1 compared to model 2; $χ_{13}^{2}$ = chi-square of model 1 compared to model 3; $χ_{23}^{2}$ = chi-square of model 2 compared to model 3; $β_{1}$ = change in beta coefficient; $R_{12}^{2}$ = pseudo-Mcfadden $R^{2}$ of model 1 compared to model 2; $R_{13}^{2}$ = pseudo-Mcfadden $R^{2}$ of model 1 compared to model 3 and $R_{23}^{2}$ = pseudo-Mcfadden $R^{2}$ of model 2 compared to model 3

Source(s): Authors' own work

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