Table A2 Actors dynamics in the... | Emerald Publishing

Table A2

Actors dynamics in the analytical structures

Analytical structure	Actors dynamics	Result
Granstrand and Holgersson (2020)	- Complementary/substitute relationships with each other - A system of actors that relate collaboratively and competitively, with or without the focal company, connected through input and output flows together to deliver a value proposition - A sharing of technologies, essential in the creation and capture of value within and between sets of actors - Cases emphasize complementary (collaboration) and substitute (competition) relationships	Innovative performance for the actors
Talmar et al. (2020)	- Constructions and relationships relevant to the representation of the functioning of an innovation ecosystem - Relevant properties (interdependence, complementarities, and alignment risks) - Constructs and their relationships were defined at the ecosystem level (value proposition, user segments, and actors) and at the actor level (resources, activities, value addition, value capture, dependency, and risk)	- Alignment of actors based on the value proposition - Creating more excellent value, exploring the synergies and effects of complementarities between actors
Benitez et al. (2020)	- Actors who need to interact to co-create value and relate in different ways according to the evolutionary stage of the innovation ecosystem - Self-organized or managed with multilayer networks of actors with other attributes, seeking to provide a system of innovative products and services - Companies with diffuse technological capabilities or aligned around industry platforms - Theory of Social Exchanges: trust, reciprocity, the expectation of mutual benefits from voluntary value exchanges, obligations between the parties involvedetc.	- Structure-guided by platforms or technologies that drive relationships for the co-creation of value - A variety of actors creates symbiosis and synergies to create a higher level of value than those without these interconnections
Gomes et al. (2021)	- The ecosystem as a meta-organization, composed of a group of actors that pursue a collective goal at the system level, the focal value proposition - Heterogeneous set of independent actors, but at the same time interdependent, who are “limited” by complementarities - Different collaboration and competition dynamics between ecosystem members and the external environment - The meta-organization (ecosystem) emerges when the actors' activities must be aligned based on a collective identity to create value (systemic innovation)	The performance of the ecosystem (value proposition – systemic innovation) presents it as a meta-organization that must be managed based on three visions: process, configuration, and competitive vision
Dedehayir et al. (2022)	- They understand innovation ecosystems as the process of incorporation and connection of actors within an evolving ecosystem structure, with an emphasis on the emergence process - They propose a focus on the roles played, whereby the dynamics of the actors will be linked to the different parts they can assume throughout the evolution of the ecosystem	- Emergence of an innovation ecosystem that develops a proposal, generating complementarities and value creation

Analytical structure	Actors dynamics	Result
Granstrand and Holgersson (2020)	- Complementary/substitute relationships with each other - A system of actors that relate collaboratively and competitively, with or without the focal company, connected through input and output flows together to deliver a value proposition - A sharing of technologies, essential in the creation and capture of value within and between sets of actors - Cases emphasize complementary (collaboration) and substitute (competition) relationships	Innovative performance for the actors
Talmar et al. (2020)	- Constructions and relationships relevant to the representation of the functioning of an innovation ecosystem - Relevant properties (interdependence, complementarities, and alignment risks) - Constructs and their relationships were defined at the ecosystem level (value proposition, user segments, and actors) and at the actor level (resources, activities, value addition, value capture, dependency, and risk)	- Alignment of actors based on the value proposition - Creating more excellent value, exploring the synergies and effects of complementarities between actors
Benitez et al. (2020)	- Actors who need to interact to co-create value and relate in different ways according to the evolutionary stage of the innovation ecosystem - Self-organized or managed with multilayer networks of actors with other attributes, seeking to provide a system of innovative products and services - Companies with diffuse technological capabilities or aligned around industry platforms - Theory of Social Exchanges: trust, reciprocity, the expectation of mutual benefits from voluntary value exchanges, obligations between the parties involvedetc.	- Structure-guided by platforms or technologies that drive relationships for the co-creation of value - A variety of actors creates symbiosis and synergies to create a higher level of value than those without these interconnections
Gomes et al. (2021)	- The ecosystem as a meta-organization, composed of a group of actors that pursue a collective goal at the system level, the focal value proposition - Heterogeneous set of independent actors, but at the same time interdependent, who are “limited” by complementarities - Different collaboration and competition dynamics between ecosystem members and the external environment - The meta-organization (ecosystem) emerges when the actors' activities must be aligned based on a collective identity to create value (systemic innovation)	The performance of the ecosystem (value proposition – systemic innovation) presents it as a meta-organization that must be managed based on three visions: process, configuration, and competitive vision
Dedehayir et al. (2022)	- They understand innovation ecosystems as the process of incorporation and connection of actors within an evolving ecosystem structure, with an emphasis on the emergence process - They propose a focus on the roles played, whereby the dynamics of the actors will be linked to the different parts they can assume throughout the evolution of the ecosystem	- Emergence of an innovation ecosystem that develops a proposal, generating complementarities and value creation

Source(s): The authors based on Granstrand and Holgersson (2020), Talmar et al. (2020) and Benitez et al. (2020), Gomes et al. (2021), and Dedehayir et al. (2022)