Table 5 Applying the typology of service... | Emerald Publishing

Table 5

Applying the typology of service ecosystem dynamics as an analytical lens

	Reproduction in tourism	Reconfiguration in healthcare	Transition in energy
Explaining change and stability in service environment through the lens of service ecosystem dynamics	Returning to reproduction, after a temporary reconfiguration during the COVID-19 pandemic	Reconfiguration toward people-centered integrated care, while maintaining the core purpose and worldview	Transition toward a qualitatively new sustainable energy ecosystem
What changes or remains stable within the service ecosystem (intervention points)	Externally imposed changes in components with medium leverage, such as hygiene and safety rules and norms during a COVID-19 pandemic, while the fundamental purpose and worldview of co-creating pleasant tourism experiences were maintained; hence, the reconfiguration dynamics. Despite calls for rethinking tourism sustainability and the need for a sustainable tourism ecosystem, we witnessed a return of tourism ecosystem to reproduction dynamics after the pandemic eased. That is, it returned to the reenactment of previous tourism activities (e.g. inviting more flights and tourists), since new hygiene and safety rules and norms were not institutionalized.	Changes in the components with medium leverage, in the forms of rules, norms and practices that meet the approach of people-centered care. Components with deep leverage, such as health system purpose to improve, maintain or restore the health of individuals and their communities, as well as deeply held humanistic worldview (Hippocratic oath), remain stable.	Changes in points with deep leverage, such as system purpose and fundamental worldview about electricity production and the proactive role of different actors beyond the utility firm. These changes have a deep impact on the energy service ecosystem, as well as cascading changes throughout the other intervention points, such as energy resources (from carbon to renewable), actors and their roles (from consumers to prosumers) and the institutionalization of new rules and norms (new energy regulatory framework).
How self-adjustment unfolds in the service ecosystem	A momentary, continuous interplay between adaptation (through new hygiene and safety rules) and coordination (fundamental purpose and worldview of cocreating pleasant tourism experience) mechanisms, leading to instability in the ecosystem over time as it reconfigures itself while preserving its core functioning. But, when the pandemic pressure fades out, the influence of adaptation eases out (less and less actors integrate resources in ways that align with the COVID-19 hygiene and safety rules) and coordination (pre-pandemic institutional arrangements) becomes dominant again in this interplay.	Continuous interplay of adaptation (through the introduction of new norms, rules and practices related to people-centered care) and coordination (the existing healthcare purpose and worldview that emphasize humanistic healthcare and wellbeing) over time. New norms, rules and practices (e.g. new practices using innovative and smart technology) may emerge over time as adaptation mechanism dominates, but the extend of actors adapting to such changes still occur within the frame of the healthcare’s unchanged purpose and worldview (coordination gains dominance).	Adaptation-dominated self-adjustment that gradually enables a disruptive, shifting behavior as the ecosystem actors qualitatively view a carbon-neutral, sustainable energy ecosystem as different from the unsustainable energy ecosystem within the containing energy service ecosystem. Yet, within the containing energy service ecosystem, some are still qualitatively viewed as the previous unsustainable energy ecosystems that manifest a coordination-dominated self-adjustment, grounded on previous institutional arrangements (economy of scale purpose and energy as a commodity worldview), such as by maintaining fossil energy while there is not enough renewal production capacity.

	Reproduction in tourism	Reconfiguration in healthcare	Transition in energy
Explaining change and stability in service environment through the lens of service ecosystem dynamics	Returning to reproduction, after a temporary reconfiguration during the COVID-19 pandemic	Reconfiguration toward people-centered integrated care, while maintaining the core purpose and worldview	Transition toward a qualitatively new sustainable energy ecosystem
What changes or remains stable within the service ecosystem (intervention points)	Externally imposed changes in components with medium leverage, such as hygiene and safety rules and norms during a COVID-19 pandemic, while the fundamental purpose and worldview of co-creating pleasant tourism experiences were maintained; hence, the reconfiguration dynamics.Despite calls for rethinking tourism sustainability and the need for a sustainable tourism ecosystem, we witnessed a return of tourism ecosystem to reproduction dynamics after the pandemic eased. That is, it returned to the reenactment of previous tourism activities (e.g. inviting more flights and tourists), since new hygiene and safety rules and norms were not institutionalized.	Changes in the components with medium leverage, in the forms of rules, norms and practices that meet the approach of people-centered care.Components with deep leverage, such as health system purpose to improve, maintain or restore the health of individuals and their communities, as well as deeply held humanistic worldview (Hippocratic oath), remain stable.	Changes in points with deep leverage, such as system purpose and fundamental worldview about electricity production and the proactive role of different actors beyond the utility firm.These changes have a deep impact on the energy service ecosystem, as well as cascading changes throughout the other intervention points, such as energy resources (from carbon to renewable), actors and their roles (from consumers to prosumers) and the institutionalization of new rules and norms (new energy regulatory framework).
How self-adjustment unfolds in the service ecosystem	A momentary, continuous interplay between adaptation (through new hygiene and safety rules) and coordination (fundamental purpose and worldview of cocreating pleasant tourism experience) mechanisms, leading to instability in the ecosystem over time as it reconfigures itself while preserving its core functioning.But, when the pandemic pressure fades out, the influence of adaptation eases out (less and less actors integrate resources in ways that align with the COVID-19 hygiene and safety rules) and coordination (pre-pandemic institutional arrangements) becomes dominant again in this interplay.	Continuous interplay of adaptation (through the introduction of new norms, rules and practices related to people-centered care) and coordination (the existing healthcare purpose and worldview that emphasize humanistic healthcare and wellbeing) over time.New norms, rules and practices (e.g. new practices using innovative and smart technology) may emerge over time as adaptation mechanism dominates, but the extend of actors adapting to such changes still occur within the frame of the healthcare’s unchanged purpose and worldview (coordination gains dominance).	Adaptation-dominated self-adjustment that gradually enables a disruptive, shifting behavior as the ecosystem actors qualitatively view a carbon-neutral, sustainable energy ecosystem as different from the unsustainable energy ecosystem within the containing energy service ecosystem.Yet, within the containing energy service ecosystem, some are still qualitatively viewed as the previous unsustainable energy ecosystems that manifest a coordination-dominated self-adjustment, grounded on previous institutional arrangements (economy of scale purpose and energy as a commodity worldview), such as by maintaining fossil energy while there is not enough renewal production capacity.

Source(s): The above table was created by the authors