Table 2 Multilevel analysis of the...

Table 2

Multilevel analysis of the relationship between decentralization and devolution, and the moderator effect of HR power

	Model 0	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
Fixed effects	Est (SE)	Est (SE)	Est (SE)	Est (SE)	Est (SE)
Intercept	11.92 (0.26)***	13.45 (0.35)***	13.23 (0.23)***	12.84 (0.24)***	12.84 (0.40)***
Organization size		−0.654 (0.10)***	−0.567 (0.11)***	−422 (0.12)***	−0.427 (0.11)***
HR department size		−1.10 (0.16)***	−0.967 (0.19)***	−873 (0.19)***	−0.872 (0.19)***
Multinationals		0.465 (0.11)***	0.445 (0.13)***	0.387 (0.13)***	0.385 (0.13)***
Industry		0.069 (0.11)	0.012 (0.13)	0.045 (0.13)	0.045 (0.13)
Age of organization		0.001 (0.14)	0.001 (0.16)	0.001 (0.16)	0.001 (0.02)
Decentralization			0.049 (0.02)**	0.046 (0.02)**	0.047 (0.02)**
HR Power				−0.429 (0.06)***	−0.427 (0.02)***
Decentralization × HR power					−0.056 (0.02)***
Random effects
ICC	0.178	0.144	0.146	0.157	1.58
$(σ_{ϵ}^{2})$ (Between-firms)	10.05 (0.21)***	8.82 (0.21)***	8.88 (0.25)***	8.66 (0.25)***	8.63 (0.25)***
$(σ^{2})$ (Between countries)	2.18 (0.55)***	1.50 (0.38)***	1.52 (0.41)***	1.62 (0.43)***	1.62 (0.43)***
BIC	22982.66	18118.54	13034.64	12596.11	12593.82
AIC	22969.87	18106.17	13022.95	12584.47	12582.18
−2LL	22965.87	18102.17	13018.94	12580.47	12578.18

	Model 0	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
Fixed effects	Est (SE)	Est (SE)	Est (SE)	Est (SE)	Est (SE)
Intercept	11.92 (0.26)***	13.45 (0.35)***	13.23 (0.23)***	12.84 (0.24)***	12.84 (0.40)***
Organization size		−0.654 (0.10)***	−0.567 (0.11)***	−422 (0.12)***	−0.427 (0.11)***
HR department size		−1.10 (0.16)***	−0.967 (0.19)***	−873 (0.19)***	−0.872 (0.19)***
Multinationals		0.465 (0.11)***	0.445 (0.13)***	0.387 (0.13)***	0.385 (0.13)***
Industry		0.069 (0.11)	0.012 (0.13)	0.045 (0.13)	0.045 (0.13)
Age of organization		0.001 (0.14)	0.001 (0.16)	0.001 (0.16)	0.001 (0.02)
Decentralization			0.049 (0.02)**	0.046 (0.02)**	0.047 (0.02)**
HR Power				−0.429 (0.06)***	−0.427 (0.02)***
Decentralization × HR power					−0.056 (0.02)***
Random effects
ICC	0.178	0.144	0.146	0.157	1.58
$(σ_{ϵ}^{2})$ (Between-firms)	10.05 (0.21)***	8.82 (0.21)***	8.88 (0.25)***	8.66 (0.25)***	8.63 (0.25)***
$(σ^{2})$ (Between countries)	2.18 (0.55)***	1.50 (0.38)***	1.52 (0.41)***	1.62 (0.43)***	1.62 (0.43)***
BIC	22982.66	18118.54	13034.64	12596.11	12593.82
AIC	22969.87	18106.17	13022.95	12584.47	12582.18
−2LL	22965.87	18102.17	13018.94	12580.47	12578.18

Note(s): *p < 0.1, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01

BIC: Bayesian information criterion; AIC: Akaike information criterion

Source(s): Created by authors

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