Table 6

D&O insurance and management tone manipulation

Variable(1)(2)
AbtoneAbtone
D&O0.006**0.005**
(2.51)(2.12)
Size 0.004***
 (5.27)
Lev −0.001
 (−0.22)
Growth 0.000
 (0.77)
Dir 0.024**
 (2.25)
Top1 0.025***
 (4.64)
ROE −0.009
 (−1.63)
Loss −0.001
 (−0.21)
OCF −0.013
 (−1.22)
LR −0.003***
 (−6.06)
Dual 0.001
 (0.72)
BM −0.008***
 (−8.25)
Board 0.014***
 (3.34)
_cons−0.034***−0.166***
(−5.29)(−8.31)
YearYesYes
IndustryYesYes
N21141.00021141.000
r2_a0.0810.089

Note(s):***, **, and * denote statistical significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% levels, respectively. Numbers in parentheses are the t-values

Source(s): Table by authors

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