Table 1

Variable calculation method and summary statistics

VariablesDefinitionsCalculation methodTypeMeanStd. Dev.Min.Max.
VAICi,tHuman Capital Efficiency
Structural Capital Efficiency
Relational Capital Efficiency
Cube root of Equation (3) resultsIndependent2.1641.565−35.62446.431
VCiThe indicator is one if a company has one or more VC institutions as its top ten shareholders during IPO.Indicator that VC is in top ten shareholders during IPOModerate0.1370.34501
EVi,tThe total fair value of the equity and the liabilityNatural log of EV and total debtDependent22.6681.23413.99528.035
DEBTi,tDebt RatioTotal Liabilities/Total AssetsControl44.74420.7220.708154.536
SIZEi,tThe size of the companyNatural log of Total AssetsControl22.2051.29317.87928.341

Source(s): Table created by the authors

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