Table 3

Halal supply chain risk assessment using linguistics scale by the expert panel

RiskIndustry Expert panelAcademic Expert panel
ProbabilityImpactProbabilityImpact
Raw material statusMHMVH
Raw material wholesomenessFLVHMH
Origins of raw materialsMFHFLH
Unlawful ingredients/emulsifiers for food preservationMFHFLH
Processing method riskFLHFLVH
Packaging process and materialsMMFLFH
Centralised storage of productsLVHLVH
Animal welfare riskMFLFLM
Common facility for the non-halal productFLMLH
Halal certificationFLFLFLFL
Contamination within firmLFHLH
Contamination in outsourcing activitiesFHLFHL
Raw materials integrityLFHLM
Process integrityFLFLLFH
Information/data integrityLMLM
People integrityFLLFLL

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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