Table 5 Risk scores of halal-related... | Emerald Publishing

Table 5

Risk scores of halal-related risks

Risk	Severity (industry Expert panel)	Severity (academic Expert panel)	Aggregated severity	Aggregated risk score	Rank
Raw material Status	⟨(0.28,0.4,0.54,0.7) (0.8,0.2,0.2)⟩	⟨(0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7); (0.8, 0.1, 0.1)⟩	⟨(0.34, 0.45, 0.57, 0.7); (0.8, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	0.412	1
Raw material wholesomeness	⟨(0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6); (0.7, 0.1, 0.1)⟩	⟨(0.28, 0.4, 0.54, 0.7); (0.8, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.29, 0.4, 0.52, 0.65); (0.7, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	0.357	2
Origins of raw materials	⟨(0.2, 0.3, 0.42, 0.56); (0.8, 0.1, 0.1)⟩	⟨(0.21, 0.32, 0.45, 0.6); (0.7, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.21, 0.31, 0.44, 0.58); (0.7, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	0.293	4
Unlawful ingredients/emulsifiers for food preservation	⟨(0.2, 0.3, 0.42, 0.56); (0.8, 0.1, 0.1)⟩	⟨(0.21, 0.32, 0.45, 0.6); (0.7, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.21, 0.31, 0.44, 0.58); (0.7, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	0.293	5
Processing method risk	⟨(0.21, 0.32, 0.45, 0.6); (0.7, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6); (0.7, 0.1, 0.1)⟩	⟨(0.255, 0.36, 0.475, 0.6); (0.7, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	0.324	3
Packaging process and materials	⟨(0.16, 0.25, 0.36, 0.49); (0.8, 0, 0.1)⟩	⟨(0.15, 0.24, 0.35, 0.48); (0.7, 0.1, 0.1)⟩	⟨(0.155, 0.245, 0.355, 0.485); (0.7, 0.1, 0.1)⟩	0.258	6
Centralised storage of products	⟨(0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	0.257	7
Animal welfare risk	⟨(0.12, 0.2, 0.3, 0.42); (0.7, 0.1, 0.1)⟩	⟨(0.12, 0.2, 0.3, 0.42); (0.7, 0.1, 0.1)⟩	⟨(0.12, 0.2, 0.3, 0.42); (0.7, 0.1, 0.1)⟩	0.217	8
Common facility for the non-halal product	⟨(0.12, 0.2, 0.3, 0.42); (0.7, 0.1, 0.1)⟩	⟨(0.14, 0.24, 0.36, 0.5); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.13, 0.22, 0.33, 0.46); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	0.209	9
Halal certification	⟨(0.09, 0.16, 0.25, 0.36); (0.7, 0.1, 0.1)⟩	⟨(0.09, 0.16, 0.25, 0.36); (0.7, 0.1, 0.1)⟩	⟨(0.09, 0.16, 0.25, 0.36); (0.7, 0.1, 0.1)⟩	0.179	11
Contamination within firm	⟨(0.1, 0.18, 0.28, 0.4); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.14, 0.24, 0.36, 0.5); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.12, 0.21, 0.32, 0.45); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	0.202	10
Contamination in outsourcing activities	⟨(0.1, 0.18, 0.28, 0.4); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.1, 0.18, 0.28, 0.4); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.1, 0.18, 0.28, 0.4); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	0.176	12
Raw materials integrity	⟨(0.1, 0.18, 0.28, 0.4); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.08, 0.15, 0.24, 0.35); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.09, 0.165, 0.26, 0.375); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	0.163	14
Process integrity	⟨(0.09, 0.16, 0.25, 0.36); (0.7, 0.1, 0.1)⟩	⟨(0.1, 0.18, 0.28, 0.4); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.095, 0.17, 0.265, 0.38); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	0.167	13
Information/data integrity	⟨(0.08, 0.15, 0.24, 0.35); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.08, 0.15, 0.24, 0.35); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.08, 0.15, 0.24, 0.35); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	0.150	15
People integrity	⟨(0.06, 0.12, 0.2, 0.3); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.06, 0.12, 0.2, 0.3); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.06, 0.12, 0.2, 0.3); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	0.125	16

Risk	Severity (industry Expert panel)	Severity (academic Expert panel)	Aggregated severity	Aggregated risk score	Rank
Raw material Status	⟨(0.28,0.4,0.54,0.7) (0.8,0.2,0.2)⟩	⟨(0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7); (0.8, 0.1, 0.1)⟩	⟨(0.34, 0.45, 0.57, 0.7); (0.8, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	0.412	1
Raw material wholesomeness	⟨(0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6); (0.7, 0.1, 0.1)⟩	⟨(0.28, 0.4, 0.54, 0.7); (0.8, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.29, 0.4, 0.52, 0.65); (0.7, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	0.357	2
Origins of raw materials	⟨(0.2, 0.3, 0.42, 0.56); (0.8, 0.1, 0.1)⟩	⟨(0.21, 0.32, 0.45, 0.6); (0.7, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.21, 0.31, 0.44, 0.58); (0.7, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	0.293	4
Unlawful ingredients/emulsifiers for food preservation	⟨(0.2, 0.3, 0.42, 0.56); (0.8, 0.1, 0.1)⟩	⟨(0.21, 0.32, 0.45, 0.6); (0.7, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.21, 0.31, 0.44, 0.58); (0.7, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	0.293	5
Processing method risk	⟨(0.21, 0.32, 0.45, 0.6); (0.7, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6); (0.7, 0.1, 0.1)⟩	⟨(0.255, 0.36, 0.475, 0.6); (0.7, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	0.324	3
Packaging process and materials	⟨(0.16, 0.25, 0.36, 0.49); (0.8, 0, 0.1)⟩	⟨(0.15, 0.24, 0.35, 0.48); (0.7, 0.1, 0.1)⟩	⟨(0.155, 0.245, 0.355, 0.485); (0.7, 0.1, 0.1)⟩	0.258	6
Centralised storage of products	⟨(0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	0.257	7
Animal welfare risk	⟨(0.12, 0.2, 0.3, 0.42); (0.7, 0.1, 0.1)⟩	⟨(0.12, 0.2, 0.3, 0.42); (0.7, 0.1, 0.1)⟩	⟨(0.12, 0.2, 0.3, 0.42); (0.7, 0.1, 0.1)⟩	0.217	8
Common facility for the non-halal product	⟨(0.12, 0.2, 0.3, 0.42); (0.7, 0.1, 0.1)⟩	⟨(0.14, 0.24, 0.36, 0.5); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.13, 0.22, 0.33, 0.46); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	0.209	9
Halal certification	⟨(0.09, 0.16, 0.25, 0.36); (0.7, 0.1, 0.1)⟩	⟨(0.09, 0.16, 0.25, 0.36); (0.7, 0.1, 0.1)⟩	⟨(0.09, 0.16, 0.25, 0.36); (0.7, 0.1, 0.1)⟩	0.179	11
Contamination within firm	⟨(0.1, 0.18, 0.28, 0.4); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.14, 0.24, 0.36, 0.5); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.12, 0.21, 0.32, 0.45); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	0.202	10
Contamination in outsourcing activities	⟨(0.1, 0.18, 0.28, 0.4); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.1, 0.18, 0.28, 0.4); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.1, 0.18, 0.28, 0.4); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	0.176	12
Raw materials integrity	⟨(0.1, 0.18, 0.28, 0.4); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.08, 0.15, 0.24, 0.35); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.09, 0.165, 0.26, 0.375); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	0.163	14
Process integrity	⟨(0.09, 0.16, 0.25, 0.36); (0.7, 0.1, 0.1)⟩	⟨(0.1, 0.18, 0.28, 0.4); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.095, 0.17, 0.265, 0.38); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	0.167	13
Information/data integrity	⟨(0.08, 0.15, 0.24, 0.35); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.08, 0.15, 0.24, 0.35); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.08, 0.15, 0.24, 0.35); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	0.150	15
People integrity	⟨(0.06, 0.12, 0.2, 0.3); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.06, 0.12, 0.2, 0.3); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	⟨(0.06, 0.12, 0.2, 0.3); (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)⟩	0.125	16

Source(s): Authors’ own work