Table 3

Mapping factors of the new taxonomy to I4.0 reference architecture models

Aspects of reference architecture models
Based on (Takahashi et al., 2017)Based on (Li et al., 2018; Helmann et al., 2020)
  • Logical (L)consists of the following

    • Usage (L1)

    • Business (L2)

    • Information (L3)

    • Communication (L4)

    • Integration (L5)

    • Asset (L6)

    • System model representation (L7)

  • Physical (P)consists of the following

    • Interaction among enterprises (P1)

    • Production system hierarchy (P2)

    • Product (P3)

  • Lifecycle (LC) consists of the following

    • Meta-lifecycle (LC1)

    • Product lifecycle (LC2)

    • Supply chain/Value chain (LC3)

    • Service lifecycle (LC4)

  • Comprehensive (C)consists of the following

    • Security/Safety/Privacy (C1)

    • Regulation (C2)

  • Business /Management (domains and technology revolution) (B)consists of the following

    • System hierarchy (B1)

    • Product lifecycle (B2)

    • Business (supply chain) lifecycle (B3)

    • Production lifecycle (B4)

    • Manufacturing mode development (B5)

  • Industrial technology revolution (I) consists of the following

    • New equipment (I1)

    • New manufacturing process techniques (I2)

    • New energy (I3)

    • New materials (I4)

  • Information technology revolution (IT) consists of the following

    • Function layers (IT1)

    • Communication technology development (IT2)

    • Network technique development (IT3)

    • Data storage technology development (IT4)

    • Database technology development (IT5)

    • IT infrastructure development (IT6)

    • CAX /Simulation technology development (IT7)

  • Human /Organisation promotion (HO) consists of the following

    • Organisation management scope (HO1)

    • Human resource talent levels (HO2)

    • Capability /Performance (HO3)

Source(s): Authors’ work

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