Table 1

Chemically-improved soil classification

Railway earthworks in ChinaRailway earthworks in JapanDBUSAEurope earthworks
  • 1

    Lime modified soil

  • 2

    Cement modified soil

  • 1

    Lime modified soil

  • 2

    Cement modified soil

  • 1

    Soil improvement

  • 2

    Qualified soil improvement

  • 3

    Soil consolidation

  • 1

    Lime modified soil

  1. Drying

  2. Modification

  3. Stabilization

  • 1

    Improvement

  • 2

    Stabilization

  • 2

    Cement improved soil

  1. CMS

  2. CSS

  3. CTB

  4. FDR

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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