Table 1 Unit root test Variables ADF PP... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Unit root test

Variables	ADF		PP
Variables	Level	1st difference	Level	1st difference	Remark
LnSensex	0.066ⁿ	−9.565^a	0.183ⁿ	−9.565^a	I(1)
LnExchangerate	−1.5892ⁿ	−9.573^a	−1.493ⁿ	−9.662^a	I(1)
LnGold	−0.735ⁿ	−6.902^a	−0.437ⁿ	−6.716^a	I(1)
LnCrude	−2.554ⁿ	−7.454^a	−2.676ⁿ	−8.115^a	I(1)

Variables	ADF		PP
Variables	Level	1st difference	Level	1st difference	Remark
LnSensex	0.066ⁿ	−9.565^a	0.183ⁿ	−9.565^a	I(1)
LnExchangerate	−1.5892ⁿ	−9.573^a	−1.493ⁿ	−9.662^a	I(1)
LnGold	−0.735ⁿ	−6.902^a	−0.437ⁿ	−6.716^a	I(1)
LnCrude	−2.554ⁿ	−7.454^a	−2.676ⁿ	−8.115^a	I(1)

Note(s): ^ameans the null hypothesis is significant at the 1% level, whereas ⁿmeans it is not

Source(s): Author’s own