Measurement items
| Constructs | Items | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Perceived social overload (SO) | SO1: I take too much care of my friends’ well-being on WeChat | Zhang et al. (2016) |
| SO2: I deal too much with my friends’ problems on WeChat | ||
| SO3: I am too often caring for my friends on WeChat | ||
| SO4: I pay too much attention to my friends’ posts on WeChat | ||
| Perceived communication overload (CO) | CO1: I receive too many messages from friends (or acquaintances) through WeChat | Lee et al. (2016) |
| CO2: I feel like I have to send many more messages to friends through WeChat than I would want to send | ||
| CO3: I feel that I generally get too many notifications of new postings, push messages, news feeds, etc., from WeChat while performing other tasks | ||
| CO4: I often feel overloaded with communication from WeChat | ||
| CO5: I receive more communication messages and news from friends on WeChat than I can process | ||
| Perceived information overload (IO) | IO1: I am often distracted by the excessive amount of information available to me on WeChat | Zhang et al. (2016) |
| IO2: I find that I am overwhelmed by the amount of information I have to process on a daily basis on WeChat | ||
| IO3: There is too much information about my friends on WeChat, so I find it a burden to handle | ||
| *IO4: I find that only a small part of the information on WeChat is relevant to my needs | ||
| Perceived system feature overload (SFO) | SFO1: I am often distracted by features that are included in WeChat but are not related to my main purpose in using WeChat | Zhang et al. (2016) |
| SFO2: I find that most features of WeChat contain too many poor sub-features instead of too few excellent sub-features | ||
| SFO3: WeChat tends to try to be too helpful by adding features, which makes social performance even harder | ||
| SFO4: The features of WeChat that I use are often more complex than the tasks I have to complete using these features | ||
| Fear of missing out (FoMO) | FoMO1: I fear others have more rewarding experiences than me | Przybylski et al. (2013) |
| FoMO2: I fear that my friends have more rewarding experiences than me | ||
| FoMO3: I get worried when I find out my friends are having fun without me | ||
| FoMO4: I get anxious when I do not know what my friends are up to | ||
| SNS fatigue (SF) | SF1: Sometimes I feel tired when using WeChat | Zhang et al. (2016) |
| SF2: Sometimes I feel bored when using WeChat | ||
| SF3: Sometimes, I feel drained from using WeChat | ||
| SF4: Sometimes, I feel worn out from using WeChat | ||
| *SF5: I feel disinterested in whether new things are happening on WeChat | ||
| *SF6: I feel indifferent about reminders or alerts of new things from WeChat |
| Constructs | Items | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Perceived social overload (SO) | SO1: I take too much care of my friends’ well-being on WeChat | |
| SO2: I deal too much with my friends’ problems on WeChat | ||
| SO3: I am too often caring for my friends on WeChat | ||
| SO4: I pay too much attention to my friends’ posts on WeChat | ||
| Perceived communication overload (CO) | CO1: I receive too many messages from friends (or acquaintances) through WeChat | |
| CO2: I feel like I have to send many more messages to friends through WeChat than I would want to send | ||
| CO3: I feel that I generally get too many notifications of new postings, push messages, news feeds, etc., from WeChat while performing other tasks | ||
| CO4: I often feel overloaded with communication from WeChat | ||
| CO5: I receive more communication messages and news from friends on WeChat than I can process | ||
| Perceived information overload (IO) | IO1: I am often distracted by the excessive amount of information available to me on WeChat | |
| IO2: I find that I am overwhelmed by the amount of information I have to process on a daily basis on WeChat | ||
| IO3: There is too much information about my friends on WeChat, so I find it a burden to handle | ||
| *IO4: I find that only a small part of the information on WeChat is relevant to my needs | ||
| Perceived system feature overload (SFO) | SFO1: I am often distracted by features that are included in WeChat but are not related to my main purpose in using WeChat | |
| SFO2: I find that most features of WeChat contain too many poor sub-features instead of too few excellent sub-features | ||
| SFO3: WeChat tends to try to be too helpful by adding features, which makes social performance even harder | ||
| SFO4: The features of WeChat that I use are often more complex than the tasks I have to complete using these features | ||
| Fear of missing out (FoMO) | FoMO1: I fear others have more rewarding experiences than me | |
| FoMO2: I fear that my friends have more rewarding experiences than me | ||
| FoMO3: I get worried when I find out my friends are having fun without me | ||
| FoMO4: I get anxious when I do not know what my friends are up to | ||
| SNS fatigue (SF) | SF1: Sometimes I feel tired when using WeChat | |
| SF2: Sometimes I feel bored when using WeChat | ||
| SF3: Sometimes, I feel drained from using WeChat | ||
| SF4: Sometimes, I feel worn out from using WeChat | ||
| *SF5: I feel disinterested in whether new things are happening on WeChat | ||
| *SF6: I feel indifferent about reminders or alerts of new things from WeChat |
Note(s): “*” Indicates that the item was excluded in further data analysis in this study
Source(s): Authors’ own creation
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