Definitions and sources of variables
| Signs | Definitions of variables (measurements) | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| CO2 | carbon dioxide emissions (metric tons per capita) | World Bank (WDI) |
| REC | Sum of Hydro, wind, Solar and Nuclear, Energy usage (million tons oil equivalent) | |
| Inst | The government index is a composite governance index following principal component analysis (PCA) to derive a weighting methodology, which better reflects the impact of each governance variable and dimension on the aggregate index (Table A3) | authors |
| PS | Political stability and absence of violence/terrorism | World Bank (WGI) |
| VA | Voice democratic expression and accountability (EDemocray Composite Governance Index) | |
| GE | Government effectiveness (Governance Composite Index) | |
| RQ | Regulatory quality (Governance Composite Index) | |
| RL | Rule of law (governance composite index) | |
| CC | Control of corruption (governance composite index) | |
| Mobile | Mobile phone subscriptions (per 100 people) | World Bank (WDI) |
| Internet | Internet penetration (per 100 people) | |
| Gdp | Real gross domestic product per capita (GDP per capita) in US dollars | World Bank (WDI) |
| Signs | Definitions of variables (measurements) | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| carbon dioxide emissions (metric tons per capita) | World Bank (WDI) | |
| REC | Sum of Hydro, wind, Solar and Nuclear, Energy usage (million tons oil equivalent) | |
| Inst | The government index is a composite governance index following principal component analysis (PCA) to derive a weighting methodology, which better reflects the impact of each governance variable and dimension on the aggregate index ( | authors |
| Political stability and absence of violence/terrorism | World Bank (WGI) | |
| Voice democratic expression and accountability (EDemocray Composite Governance Index) | ||
| Government effectiveness (Governance Composite Index) | ||
| Regulatory quality (Governance Composite Index) | ||
| Rule of law (governance composite index) | ||
| Control of corruption (governance composite index) | ||
| Mobile | Mobile phone subscriptions (per 100 people) | World Bank (WDI) |
| Internet | Internet penetration (per 100 people) | |
| Gdp | Real gross domestic product per capita (GDP per capita) in US dollars | World Bank (WDI) |
Source(s): Authors
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