Table 3 Results of the unit root tests...

Table 3

Results of the unit root tests of Pesaran (2007) on the level series

Tests carried out on the series in level
Tests	t-statistics	critical-value	T	NT
CO2	−2.187	−2.61	21	903
REC	−1.944	−2.61	21	903
Internet	−1.97	−2.61	21	903
Mobile	−2.658	−2.61	21	903
gdp	−1.818	−2.61	21	903
Inst	−2.274	−2.61	21	903

Tests carried out on the series in level
Tests	t-statistics	critical-value	T	NT
CO2	−2.187	−2.61	21	903
REC	−1.944	−2.61	21	903
Internet	−1.97	−2.61	21	903
Mobile	−2.658	−2.61	21	903
gdp	−1.818	−2.61	21	903
Inst	−2.274	−2.61	21	903

Note(s): H₀ = homogeneous non-stationarity; bi = 0 for all I.t_stat is the CIPS statistic and CV the critical value associated with the various test stats, which precede them. When a critical probability is greater than the critical value, then the null hypothesis is not rejected and vice versa

Source(s): Authors

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