Sample characteristics
| N | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| HEIs | |||
| Scientific Field | Basic Sciences | 24 | 19.2 |
| Engineering | 27 | 21.6 | |
| Social Sciences | 74 | 59.2 | |
| Type of Education | Polytechnic | 71 | 56.8 |
| University | 54 | 43.2 | |
| Rectors, deans, presidents, and directors | |||
| Age | 41–50 | 44 | 35.2 |
| 51–60 | 65 | 52.0 | |
| +60 | 16 | 12.8 | |
| Gender | Female | 45 | 36.0 |
| Male | 80 | 64.0 | |
| Qualifications | Master’s Degree | 23 | 18.4 |
| Aggregation | 1 | 0.8 | |
| Doctoral Degree | 101 | 80.8 | |
| Length of academic career (No. of years) | 11–20 | 4 | 3.2 |
| 21–30 | 62 | 49.6 | |
| 31–40 | 51 | 40.8 | |
| +40 | 8 | 6.4 | |
| % | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Scientific Field | Basic Sciences | 24 | 19.2 |
| Engineering | 27 | 21.6 | |
| Social Sciences | 74 | 59.2 | |
| Type of Education | Polytechnic | 71 | 56.8 |
| University | 54 | 43.2 | |
| Age | 41–50 | 44 | 35.2 |
| 51–60 | 65 | 52.0 | |
| +60 | 16 | 12.8 | |
| Gender | Female | 45 | 36.0 |
| Male | 80 | 64.0 | |
| Qualifications | Master’s Degree | 23 | 18.4 |
| Aggregation | 1 | 0.8 | |
| Doctoral Degree | 101 | 80.8 | |
| Length of academic career (No. of years) | 11–20 | 4 | 3.2 |
| 21–30 | 62 | 49.6 | |
| 31–40 | 51 | 40.8 | |
| +40 | 8 | 6.4 | |
Source(s): Authors own work
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