Enablers
| Aggregate themes Second-order codes: enablers | First-order codes (significant statements) | Second-order codes: Barriers | First-order codes (significant statements) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mobilization resources Incentives and R&D funding | “To give fiscal incentives to this type of firm. Because we are already contributing to society, with other values.” (R1) | Lack of finance | “We have the economic barrier. Because as a project idea everyone has always liked it, but we have had to support it financially for a long time as partners.” (R1) |
| “The New Generation funds are helping the governments to promote circular business models.” (R6) | High implementation costs | “They demand a laboratory from you as if you were Garnier.” (R2) | |
| “That tenders incorporate this type of criteria to, little by little, also make the administration more sustainable.” (R1) | Stricter laws or lack of regulation | “The biggest obstacle is the regulations themselves.” (R2) “ … well do it [public contracting] with firms of this type, because nobody forces you, and they usually hire the biggest or the ones with the biggest name.” (R2) | |
| Laws and regulations | “The New Generation funds are helping the governments to promote circular business models.” (R6) | Punitive policies | “Those who do not work in this line [firms] are going to have a barrier to enter the market because the legislation itself is already going to be taking care of saying you cannot do this type of thing if you are not able to take care of the subsequent phase or to have the subsequent phase managed.” (R3) |
| Customer loyalty | “Only [customers] call us again when they realise that our business is different and when they have a first experience.” (R1) | High product prices | “Because organic products are a little bit more expensive, they are not competitive.” (R1) |
| Sector-specific developments | “Farmers are the first stakeholders. They have been circular ever since. But if you want to go further, you have to teach them.” (R9) | High raw costs | “Farmers [ …] think that it means an increase in costs or a drop in productivity, which undermine their already low profitability.” (R4) |
| Collaboration among actors | “For innovative firms to be created, the University and the institutions have to go hand in hand with them.” (R10) | Lack of entrepreneurial skills | “Firms lack sufficient capacities to undertake circular businesses.” (R6) |
| “ … agreements needed to really seriously consider the fight against climate change.” (R3) | Lack of trust (in institutions) | “But there is still a huge lack of sensitivity [ …] States are not really committed. If these big summits are held and the necessary agreements are not reached to really seriously consider the fight against climate change, this transcends to the population. It’s going to be slow work.” (R3) | |
| Lack of trust (among institutions) | “There is No collaboration between firms, institutions, Chamber of Commerce, Federation of entrepreneurs [ …] Many times because of political interests.” (R10) | ||
| Supporting knowledge Diffusion/Imitation | “If it doesn’t touch the pocket, firms don’t move. We need to show success stories.” (R10) | Lack of communication | “SMEs either believe fervently in this [circular economy] or you have to sell them that they will make a profit. And this is not being done well.” (R9) |
| Technical and managerial capabilities | “We have to help firms. Guide them. Focus on their business model.” (R6) | Lack of communication | “If you are not sensitised. And they don’t make it easy for you. Then you don’t do it.” (R9) |
| Diffusion | Lack of institutional entrepreneurs | “We have to stop being opaque. [ …] We don’t know what is done at the University.” (R10) | |
| Diffusion | “We need to help firms. Guide them.” (R6) “This is going to be money for you.” (R9) | Lack of institutional entrepreneurs | “The institutions don’t move.” (R10) “There are people in the institutions that do not vibrate with this.” (R7) |
| Diffusion | “You need to create a critical mass of firms, even if they don’t have the three dimensions of sustainability balanced. In this way a pull effect will be reached.” (R8) | Lack of vision | “Day to day life consumes them [firms] and they don’t see the opportunities of the circular economy.” (R8) “There is a problem which is immediacy and this cannot be done quickly, it is progressive, as with innovations.” (R6) |
| Diffusion/Imitation | “What we need to be able to achieve is to bring that interest to reality to the end of work.” (R5) | Lack of dynamism/Immobility | “The main barrier is the traditional immobility of the construction sector.” (R5) |
| Diffusion/Imitation | “I would try harder to show what is there, so that we can serve as a reference. I think people are sick of hearing things. They need to see more referents.” (R1) | Lack of awareness | “Farmers are not aware.” (Case R4) |
| Diffusion/Imitation | “I would try harder to show what is there, so that we can serve as a reference. I think people are sick of hearing things. They need to see more referents.” (R1) | Lack of comprehension | “Nobody tells you how it’s done.” (R9) |
| Diffusion/Imitation | “I would try harder to show what is there, so that we can serve as a reference. I think people are sick of hearing things. They need to see more referents.” (R1) | Lack of comprehension | “Those firms clearly see that the Circular Economy is going to be an opportunity for them. But it’s not being communicated well. Communication needs to be simplified.” (R8) |
| Customer loyalty | “Only [customers] call us again when they realise that our business is different and when they have a first experience.” (R1) | High product prices | “Because organic products are a little bit more expensive, they are not competitive.” (R1) |
| Sector-specific developments | “Farmers are the first stakeholders. They have been circular ever since. But if you want to go further, you have to teach them.” (R9) | High raw costs | “Farmers [ …] think that it means an increase in costs or a drop in productivity, which undermine their already low profitability.” (R4) |
| Aggregate theme | First-order codes (significant statements) | Second-order codes: Barriers | First-order codes (significant statements) |
|---|---|---|---|
| “To give fiscal incentives to this type of firm. Because we are already contributing to society, with other values.” (R1) | Lack of finance | “We have the economic barrier. Because as a project idea everyone has always liked it, but we have had to support it financially for a long time as partners.” (R1) | |
| “The New Generation funds are helping the governments to promote circular business models.” (R6) | High implementation costs | “They demand a laboratory from you as if you were Garnier.” (R2) | |
| “That tenders incorporate this type of criteria to, little by little, also make the administration more sustainable.” (R1) | Stricter laws or lack of regulation | “The biggest obstacle is the regulations themselves.” (R2) | |
| Laws and regulations | “The New Generation funds are helping the governments to promote circular business models.” (R6) | Punitive policies | “Those who do not work in this line [firms] are going to have a barrier to enter the market because the legislation itself is already going to be taking care of saying you cannot do this type of thing if you are not able to take care of the subsequent phase or to have the subsequent phase managed.” (R3) |
| Customer loyalty | “Only [customers] call us again when they realise that our business is different and when they have a first experience.” (R1) | High product prices | “Because organic products are a little bit more expensive, they are not competitive.” (R1) |
| Sector-specific developments | “Farmers are the first stakeholders. They have been circular ever since. But if you want to go further, you have to teach them.” (R9) | High raw costs | “Farmers [ …] think that it means an increase in costs or a drop in productivity, which undermine their already low profitability.” (R4) |
| “For innovative firms to be created, the University and the institutions have to go hand in hand with them.” (R10) | Lack of entrepreneurial skills | “Firms lack sufficient capacities to undertake circular businesses.” (R6) | |
| “ … agreements needed to really seriously consider the fight against climate change.” (R3) | Lack of trust (in institutions) | “But there is still a huge lack of sensitivity [ …] States are not really committed. If these big summits are held and the necessary agreements are not reached to really seriously consider the fight against climate change, this transcends to the population. It’s going to be slow work.” (R3) | |
| Lack of trust (among institutions) | “There is No collaboration between firms, institutions, Chamber of Commerce, Federation of entrepreneurs [ …] Many times because of political interests.” (R10) | ||
| “If it doesn’t touch the pocket, firms don’t move. We need to show success stories.” (R10) | Lack of communication | “SMEs either believe fervently in this [circular economy] or you have to sell them that they will make a profit. And this is not being done well.” (R9) | |
| Technical and managerial capabilities | “We have to help firms. Guide them. Focus on their business model.” (R6) | Lack of communication | “If you are not sensitised. And they don’t make it easy for you. Then you don’t do it.” (R9) |
| Diffusion | Lack of institutional entrepreneurs | “We have to stop being opaque. [ …] We don’t know what is done at the University.” (R10) | |
| Diffusion | “We need to help firms. Guide them.” (R6) | Lack of institutional entrepreneurs | “The institutions don’t move.” (R10) |
| Diffusion | “You need to create a critical mass of firms, even if they don’t have the three dimensions of sustainability balanced. In this way a pull effect will be reached.” (R8) | Lack of vision | “Day to day life consumes them [firms] and they don’t see the opportunities of the circular economy.” (R8) |
| Diffusion/Imitation | “What we need to be able to achieve is to bring that interest to reality to the end of work.” (R5) | Lack of dynamism/Immobility | “The main barrier is the traditional immobility of the construction sector.” (R5) |
| Diffusion/Imitation | “I would try harder to show what is there, so that we can serve as a reference. I think people are sick of hearing things. They need to see more referents.” (R1) | Lack of awareness | “Farmers are not aware.” (Case R4) |
| Diffusion/Imitation | “I would try harder to show what is there, so that we can serve as a reference. I think people are sick of hearing things. They need to see more referents.” (R1) | Lack of comprehension | “Nobody tells you how it’s done.” (R9) |
| Diffusion/Imitation | “I would try harder to show what is there, so that we can serve as a reference. I think people are sick of hearing things. They need to see more referents.” (R1) | Lack of comprehension | “Those firms clearly see that the Circular Economy is going to be an opportunity for them. But it’s not being communicated well. Communication needs to be simplified.” (R8) |
| Customer loyalty | “Only [customers] call us again when they realise that our business is different and when they have a first experience.” (R1) | High product prices | “Because organic products are a little bit more expensive, they are not competitive.” (R1) |
| Sector-specific developments | “Farmers are the first stakeholders. They have been circular ever since. But if you want to go further, you have to teach them.” (R9) | High raw costs | “Farmers [ …] think that it means an increase in costs or a drop in productivity, which undermine their already low profitability.” (R4) |
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