Table 2

Research quality actions

Transferability (compare External validity)
  • Stated theoretical aim (theory elaboration), unit of analysis and justification of case study; described logic and criteria applied for case selection to allow analytical generalization

  • To be able to transfer results to different contexts, the food system shortly described. However, some aspects of the informants are not included to allow for anonymity

  • Data on different actors' view and context to enable comparison with other contexts

  • Results presented to knowledgeable researchers to check for transferability

  • Pilot interview with one informant to test interview questions based on guiding framework

  • Conducted cross-actor analysis considering different discontents, interventions and mechanisms

Credibility (compare Internal validity)
  • Explicated the interrelations between key constructs; used different bodies of literature (SCRM, risk governance) to interpret findings

  • Case and informants selected following a structured and purposeful sampling approach

  • Involved multiple informants (representing different actors and perspectives on governance) to compare, contrast and triangulate responses

  • Used a literature-based guiding framework

  • Informants respond similarly to the same problems and mechanisms

  • Investor triangulation: two researchers discussed and judged data and interpretations

  • The raw data (transcripts) put into software (NVIVO) and then coded on different levels (1st, 2nd, 3rd) to connect it with different theoretical categories

  • Presented results to peer researchers (from some and other disciplines) familiar with the studied phenomenon to check and obtain feedback about case analysis

Confirmability (compare Construct validity)
  • Described the method choices and the research design; part of the paper has been through scientific review processes for conference

  • Conducted systematic data collection

  • Details on how the data is collected in the method chapter to assure integrity of results

  • Multiple perspectives and sources of data collected (interviews, presentations, inquires, reports and websites). Primary and secondary data are triangulated and used to augment data

  • Involved multiple respondents (representing different internal perspectives and actors)

  • Interview guide provided

  • Engaged peer researchers to review research protocol and interview guide

  • Gave examples of detailed quotes and first level-coding

  • Engaged researchers from other disciplines familiar with the studied phenomenon to obtain feedback on case analysis and framework development

  • Guiding framework presented to respondents to compare and contrast views

  • Terminology and guiding framework explained to informants to avoid misunderstanding

  • Triangulated data using multiple sources of evidence (interviews, internal presentations, industry reports, websites) to triangulate respondent responses

  • Illustrated the chain of evidence using matrices, tables and figures.

  • Conducted first-, second- and third-level coding and aggregation illustrated in coding tree

Dependability (compare Reliability)
  • The method choices and the research design described

  • Explained data analysis procedures

  • Preliminary results presented at conferences to get input from other researchers

  • Developed a standardized interview guide for data collection across the informants

  • Developed and continuously updated a case study database (including, secondary and archival sources, interview transcriptions, themes, codes and memos) to ensure complete documentation of the data analysis procedure

  • Displayed data in different structures, like coding-tree and tables, to facilitate cross-informants analysis and find pattern

  • Explained interrelations between key concepts (the framework) and triangulated different literature (SCRM, risk governance)

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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