Suggested research opportunities and questions
| Research opportunities | Suggested research questions |
|---|---|
| Presence of the Nomination and Remuneration Committee | How was the company's performance before and after forming the nomination and remuneration committee? |
| How is the performance of companies that form and do not form nomination and remuneration committees in large and small companies? | |
| Does the nomination and remuneration committee moderate the effect of board diversity on company performance, financial distress, bankruptcy, and dividend payout? | |
| The presence of an independent director or board and the independence of the nomination and remuneration committee | Does the independence of the nomination and remuneration committee moderate the influence of the board's busyness on company performance, financial distress, bankruptcy, and dividend payout? |
| Does the independence of the nomination and remuneration committee moderate the effect of board remuneration on company performance, financial distress, bankruptcy, and dividend payout? | |
| Does the independence of nomination and remuneration committees affect the diversity and independence of boards in family and non-family companies? | |
| Diversity of gender, nationality, and race (skin color) in the nomination and remuneration committee | How does the gender diversity of the nomination and remuneration committee affect company performance, financial distress, bankruptcy, and dividend payout? |
| Does gender diversity in the nomination and remuneration committee moderate the effect of board gender diversity on company performance, financial distress, bankruptcy, and dividend payout? | |
| How does national diversity on the nomination and remuneration committee affect company performance, financial distress, bankruptcy risk, innovation, and dividend payout? | |
| Does national diversity on the nomination and remuneration committee moderate the effect of board diversity and board remuneration on company performance, financial distress, bankruptcy risk, innovation, and dividend payout? | |
| Number of members, Number of nomination and remuneration committee meetings | How do the number of members and nominations and frequency of remuneration committee meetings affect company performance, financial distress, bankruptcy risk, dividend payout, board diversity, and board remuneration? |
| Does the number of members and frequency of nomination and remuneration committee meetings moderate the effect of board diversity and board remuneration on company performance, financial distress, bankruptcy risk, and dividend payout? | |
| Expertise, experience, monitoring, and independence of the chairman of the nomination and remuneration committee | How do the expertise, experience, monitoring, and independence of the chairman of the nomination and remuneration committee affect company performance, financial distress, bankruptcy risk, dividend payout, board diversity, board activity, and board remuneration? |
| Do the expertise, experience, monitoring, and independence of the chairman of the nomination and remuneration committee moderate the effect of board diversity and board remuneration on company performance, financial distress, bankruptcy risk, and dividend payout? | |
| The effectiveness of the nomination and remuneration committee | How does the effectiveness of the nomination and remuneration committee affect company performance, financial distress, bankruptcy risk, dividend payout, board diversity, and board remuneration? |
| Does the effectiveness of the nomination and remuneration committee moderate the effect of board diversity and board remuneration on company performance, financial distress, bankruptcy risk, and dividend payout? | |
| Other dimensions and across countries | How does diversity in race and ethnicity, disability, language, religion, age, education, industry experience, experience as a board member, and membership on other committees affect company performance, financial distress, bankruptcy risk, dividend payout, board diversity, board busyness, and board remuneration? |
| Does race and ethnicity, disability, language, religion, age, education, experience in industry, experience as a board member, and membership on other committees moderate the effect of board diversity and remuneration on company performance, financial distress, bankruptcy risk, and dividend pay? | |
| Does the nomination and remuneration committee affect climate change, greenhouse gases, carbon emission disclosure, environmental innovation, investment efficiency, and earning management? | |
| Does the nomination and remuneration committee moderate the impact of board diversity on climate change, greenhouse gases, carbon emission disclosure, environmental innovation, environmental, social, and governance (ESG) investment efficiency, and earnings management? | |
| We also suggest making comparisons between countries and conducting cross-country research so that the research has a more broad impact |
| Research opportunities | Suggested research questions |
|---|---|
| Presence of the Nomination and Remuneration Committee | How was the company's performance before and after forming the nomination and remuneration committee? |
| How is the performance of companies that form and do not form nomination and remuneration committees in large and small companies? | |
| Does the nomination and remuneration committee moderate the effect of board diversity on company performance, financial distress, bankruptcy, and dividend payout? | |
| The presence of an independent director or board and the independence of the nomination and remuneration committee | Does the independence of the nomination and remuneration committee moderate the influence of the board's busyness on company performance, financial distress, bankruptcy, and dividend payout? |
| Does the independence of the nomination and remuneration committee moderate the effect of board remuneration on company performance, financial distress, bankruptcy, and dividend payout? | |
| Does the independence of nomination and remuneration committees affect the diversity and independence of boards in family and non-family companies? | |
| Diversity of gender, nationality, and race (skin color) in the nomination and remuneration committee | How does the gender diversity of the nomination and remuneration committee affect company performance, financial distress, bankruptcy, and dividend payout? |
| Does gender diversity in the nomination and remuneration committee moderate the effect of board gender diversity on company performance, financial distress, bankruptcy, and dividend payout? | |
| How does national diversity on the nomination and remuneration committee affect company performance, financial distress, bankruptcy risk, innovation, and dividend payout? | |
| Does national diversity on the nomination and remuneration committee moderate the effect of board diversity and board remuneration on company performance, financial distress, bankruptcy risk, innovation, and dividend payout? | |
| Number of members, Number of nomination and remuneration committee meetings | How do the number of members and nominations and frequency of remuneration committee meetings affect company performance, financial distress, bankruptcy risk, dividend payout, board diversity, and board remuneration? |
| Does the number of members and frequency of nomination and remuneration committee meetings moderate the effect of board diversity and board remuneration on company performance, financial distress, bankruptcy risk, and dividend payout? | |
| Expertise, experience, monitoring, and independence of the chairman of the nomination and remuneration committee | How do the expertise, experience, monitoring, and independence of the chairman of the nomination and remuneration committee affect company performance, financial distress, bankruptcy risk, dividend payout, board diversity, board activity, and board remuneration? |
| Do the expertise, experience, monitoring, and independence of the chairman of the nomination and remuneration committee moderate the effect of board diversity and board remuneration on company performance, financial distress, bankruptcy risk, and dividend payout? | |
| The effectiveness of the nomination and remuneration committee | How does the effectiveness of the nomination and remuneration committee affect company performance, financial distress, bankruptcy risk, dividend payout, board diversity, and board remuneration? |
| Does the effectiveness of the nomination and remuneration committee moderate the effect of board diversity and board remuneration on company performance, financial distress, bankruptcy risk, and dividend payout? | |
| Other dimensions and across countries | How does diversity in race and ethnicity, disability, language, religion, age, education, industry experience, experience as a board member, and membership on other committees affect company performance, financial distress, bankruptcy risk, dividend payout, board diversity, board busyness, and board remuneration? |
| Does race and ethnicity, disability, language, religion, age, education, experience in industry, experience as a board member, and membership on other committees moderate the effect of board diversity and remuneration on company performance, financial distress, bankruptcy risk, and dividend pay? | |
| Does the nomination and remuneration committee affect climate change, greenhouse gases, carbon emission disclosure, environmental innovation, investment efficiency, and earning management? | |
| Does the nomination and remuneration committee moderate the impact of board diversity on climate change, greenhouse gases, carbon emission disclosure, environmental innovation, environmental, social, and governance (ESG) investment efficiency, and earnings management? | |
| We also suggest making comparisons between countries and conducting cross-country research so that the research has a more broad impact |
Source(s): Table created by authors
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