Variables and data sources
| Variables/Symbol | Description/Unit | Data source |
|---|---|---|
| Dependent | ||
| Government Artificial Intelligence Readiness Index/AI_GOV | The measure of governments readiness to implement AI in the delivery of public services Score: 0 (low) - 100 (high) | Oxford Insights and International Development Research Center, https://www.oxfordinsights.com/government-ai-readiness-index |
| Core explanatory | ||
| Human Flight and Brain Drain Index/BRAIN_DRAIN | The measure of the economic impact of human displacement (for economic or political reasons) and the consequences this may have on a country’s development Score: 0 (low) – 10 (high) | The Global Economy, via Fund for Peace, https://fragilestatesindex.org/indicators/e3/ |
| Control variables | ||
| ICT_SPEC | Employed ICT specialists represent workers who have the ability to develop, operate and maintain ICT systems, and for whom ICT constitute the main part of their job (Thousand persons) The variable is used in logarithm form in analysis | Eurostat, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ISOC_SKS_ITSPT/default/table |
| Gross Domestic Product per capita Growth/GDPPPG | Annual percentage growth rate of GDP per capita based on constant local currency. GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population (%) | The World Bank, https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators |
| Government Expenditure Growth/GOVEXPG | Annual percentage growth rate of general government final consumption expenditure (general government consumption) (%) | |
| Regulatory Quality/REG_QUAL | The ability of the government to formulate and implement sound policies and regulations that permit and promote private sector development Score: −2.5 (low) – +2.5 (high) | The Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI), https://www.govindicators.org/ |
| Political Stability and Absence of Violence or Terrorism/POL_STAB | The perceptions of the likelihood of political instability and/or politically motivated violence, including terrorism Score: −2.5 (low) – +2.5 (high) | |
| Control of corruption/CTRL_CORRUPTION | The perceptions of the extent to which public power is exercised for private gain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as “capture” of the state by elites and private interests Score: −2.5 (low) – +2.5 (high) | |
| Rule of law/RULE_LAW | The perceptions of the extent to which agents have confidence in and abide by the rules of society, and in particular the quality of contract enforcement, property rights, the police, and the courts, as well as the likelihood of crime and violence Score: −2.5 (low) – +2.5 (high) | |
| Governance/GOVERNANCE | Indicator obtained by Principal Component Analysis from Worldwide Governance Indicators: Voice and accountability, Political stability and absence of violence/terrorism, Government effectiveness, Regulatory quality, Rule of law and Control of corruption | |
| Government Integrity/GOV_INTEGRITY | The integrity of government is based on measuring the perceptions of corruption, bribery risk and control of corruption that could affect the government institutions and decision-making by practices as bribery, extorsion, nepotism, cronyism, patronage, embezzlement and graft Score: 0 (low) – 100 (high) | The Heritage Foundation https://www.heritage.org/index |
| Variables/Symbol | Description/Unit | Data source |
|---|---|---|
| Government Artificial Intelligence Readiness Index/AI_GOV | The measure of governments readiness to implement AI in the delivery of public services | Oxford Insights and International Development Research Center, |
| Human Flight and Brain Drain Index/BRAIN_DRAIN | The measure of the economic impact of human displacement (for economic or political reasons) and the consequences this may have on a country’s development | The Global Economy, via |
| ICT_SPEC | Employed ICT specialists represent workers who have the ability to develop, operate and maintain ICT systems, and for whom ICT constitute the main part of their job (Thousand persons) | Eurostat, |
| Gross Domestic Product per capita Growth/GDPPPG | Annual percentage growth rate of GDP per capita based on constant local currency. GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population (%) | The World Bank, |
| Government Expenditure Growth/GOVEXPG | Annual percentage growth rate of general government final consumption expenditure (general government consumption) (%) | |
| Regulatory Quality/REG_QUAL | The ability of the government to formulate and implement sound policies and regulations that permit and promote private sector development | The Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI), |
| Political Stability and Absence of Violence or Terrorism/POL_STAB | The perceptions of the likelihood of political instability and/or politically motivated violence, including terrorism | |
| Control of corruption/CTRL_CORRUPTION | The perceptions of the extent to which public power is exercised for private gain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as “capture” of the state by elites and private interests | |
| Rule of law/RULE_LAW | The perceptions of the extent to which agents have confidence in and abide by the rules of society, and in particular the quality of contract enforcement, property rights, the police, and the courts, as well as the likelihood of crime and violence | |
| Governance/GOVERNANCE | Indicator obtained by Principal Component Analysis from Worldwide Governance Indicators: Voice and accountability, Political stability and absence of violence/terrorism, Government effectiveness, Regulatory quality, Rule of law and Control of corruption | |
| Government Integrity/GOV_INTEGRITY | The integrity of government is based on measuring the perceptions of corruption, bribery risk and control of corruption that could affect the government institutions and decision-making by practices as bribery, extorsion, nepotism, cronyism, patronage, embezzlement and graft | The Heritage Foundation |
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