Results of stationarity and cross-sectional dependence (model 1)
| Variables | Stationarity ADF test | Cross-sectional dependence Pesaran CD test |
|---|---|---|
| AI_GOV | 332.823*** | 11.26*** |
| BRAIN_DRAIN | 208.446*** | 1.40 |
| ICT_SPEC | 105.854*** | 34.19*** |
| GDPPPG | 77.680** | 35.30*** |
| GOVEXPG | 180.811*** | 9.32*** |
| REG_QUAL | 161.720*** | 5.42*** |
| Variables | Stationarity ADF test | Cross-sectional dependence Pesaran CD test |
|---|---|---|
| AI_GOV | 332.823*** | 11.26*** |
| BRAIN_DRAIN | 208.446*** | 1.40 |
| ICT_SPEC | 105.854*** | 34.19*** |
| GDPPPG | 77.680** | 35.30*** |
| GOVEXPG | 180.811*** | 9.32*** |
| REG_QUAL | 161.720*** | 5.42*** |
Note(s): ***, ** and * denote significance at 1, 5 and 10 percent level respectively
Source(s): Authors’ processing
Sharing content requires targeting cookies to be enabled. Please update your cookie preferences to use this feature.