Correlation analysis
| Rating | BING_N | AFINN_N | NRC_N | LIU_N | BING | NRC | AFINN | Liu | No of words | Price | Count of helpfulness votes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rating | Pearson Cor | 1 | 0.337** | 0.288** | 0.235** | 0.346** | 0.412** | 0.204** | 0.395** | 0.363** | −0.074** | −0.249** | −0.027 |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.071 | ||
| BING_N | Pearson Cor | 0.337** | 1 | 0.843** | 0.581** | 0.979** | 0.149** | −0.023 | 0.085** | 0.083** | −0.268** | −0.120** | −0.071** |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.138 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
| AFINN_N | Pearson Cor | 0.288** | 0.843** | 1 | 0.603** | 0.832** | 0.045** | −0.039* | 0.107** | 0.005 | −0.241** | −0.095** | −0.062** |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.011 | 0.000 | 0.763 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
| NRC_N | Pearson Cor | 0.235** | 0.581** | 0.603** | 1 | 0.563** | 0.094** | 0.196** | 0.097** | 0.053** | −0.169** | −0.068** | −0.043** |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.005 | ||
| LIU_N | Pearson Cor | 0.346** | 0.979** | 0.832** | 0.563** | 1 | 0.163** | −0.013 | 0.099** | 0.119** | −0.261** | −0.120** | −0.071** |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.404 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
| BING | Pearson Cor | 0.412** | 0.149** | 0.045** | 0.094** | 0.163** | 1 | 0.646** | 0.812** | 0.934** | 0.353** | −0.172** | 0.078** |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
| NRC | Pearson Cor | 0.204** | −0.023 | −0.039* | 0.196** | −0.013 | 0.646** | 1 | 0.639** | 0.650** | 0.502** | −0.064** | 0.117** |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.000 | 0.138 | 0.011 | 0.000 | 0.404 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
| AFINN | Pearson Cor | 0.395** | 0.085** | 0.107** | 0.097** | 0.099** | 0.812** | 0.639** | 1 | 0.787** | 0.431** | −0.138** | 0.094** |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
| Liu | Pearson Cor | 0.363** | 0.083** | 0.005 | 0.053** | 0.119** | 0.934** | 0.650** | 0.787** | 1 | 0.475** | −0.153** | 0.106** |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.763 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
| N_words | Pearson Cor | −0.074** | −0.268** | −0.241** | −0.169** | −0.261** | 0.353** | 0.502** | 0.431** | 0.475** | 1 | 0.108** | 0.259** |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
| Price | Pearson Cor | −0.249** | −0.120** | −0.095** | −0.068** | −0.120** | −0.172** | −0.064** | −0.138** | −0.153** | 0.108** | 1 | 0.047** |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.002 | ||
| N | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | |
| Count of helpfulness votes | Pearson Cor | −0.027 | −0.071** | −0.062** | −0.043** | −0.071** | 0.078** | 0.117** | 0.094** | 0.106** | 0.259** | 0.047** | 1 |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.071 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.005 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.002 | ||
| N | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 |
| Rating | BING_N | AFINN_N | NRC_N | LIU_N | BING | NRC | AFINN | Liu | No of words | Price | Count of helpfulness votes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.071 | ||
| BING_N | Pearson Cor | 0.337** | 1 | 0.843** | 0.581** | 0.979** | 0.149** | −0.023 | 0.085** | 0.083** | −0.268** | −0.120** | −0.071** |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.138 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
| AFINN_N | Pearson Cor | 0.288** | 0.843** | 1 | 0.603** | 0.832** | 0.045** | −0.039* | 0.107** | 0.005 | −0.241** | −0.095** | −0.062** |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.011 | 0.000 | 0.763 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
| NRC_N | Pearson Cor | 0.235** | 0.581** | 0.603** | 1 | 0.563** | 0.094** | 0.196** | 0.097** | 0.053** | −0.169** | −0.068** | −0.043** |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.005 | ||
| LIU_N | Pearson Cor | 0.346** | 0.979** | 0.832** | 0.563** | 1 | 0.163** | −0.013 | 0.099** | 0.119** | −0.261** | −0.120** | −0.071** |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.404 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
| BING | Pearson Cor | 0.412** | 0.149** | 0.045** | 0.094** | 0.163** | 1 | 0.646** | 0.812** | 0.934** | 0.353** | −0.172** | 0.078** |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
| NRC | Pearson Cor | 0.204** | −0.023 | −0.039* | 0.196** | −0.013 | 0.646** | 1 | 0.639** | 0.650** | 0.502** | −0.064** | 0.117** |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.000 | 0.138 | 0.011 | 0.000 | 0.404 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
| AFINN | Pearson Cor | 0.395** | 0.085** | 0.107** | 0.097** | 0.099** | 0.812** | 0.639** | 1 | 0.787** | 0.431** | −0.138** | 0.094** |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
| Liu | Pearson Cor | 0.363** | 0.083** | 0.005 | 0.053** | 0.119** | 0.934** | 0.650** | 0.787** | 1 | 0.475** | −0.153** | 0.106** |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.763 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
| N_words | Pearson Cor | −0.074** | −0.268** | −0.241** | −0.169** | −0.261** | 0.353** | 0.502** | 0.431** | 0.475** | 1 | 0.108** | 0.259** |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
| Price | Pearson Cor | −0.249** | −0.120** | −0.095** | −0.068** | −0.120** | −0.172** | −0.064** | −0.138** | −0.153** | 0.108** | 1 | 0.047** |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.002 | ||
| N | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | |
| Count of helpfulness votes | Pearson Cor | −0.027 | −0.071** | −0.062** | −0.043** | −0.071** | 0.078** | 0.117** | 0.094** | 0.106** | 0.259** | 0.047** | 1 |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.071 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.005 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.002 | ||
| N | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 |
Note(s): **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed)
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed)
BING, NRC, AFINN, LIU refer to sentiment values relying on a specific methodology (e.g. AFINN methodology). BING_N is sentiment value per word, similarly holds for other sentiment calculation methods, with _N denoting calculation of sentiment per word
Source(s): Authors’ own
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