Respondent characteristics, N = 276
| By Census Bureau region | N(%) |
| Northeast | 58 (21.0%) |
| South | 77 (27.9%) |
| Midwest | 110 (39.9%) |
| West | 31 (11.2%) |
| Urbanicity | |
| Metropolitan | 168 (60.9%) |
| Micropolitan | 46 (16.7%) |
| Small Town | 43 (15.6%) |
| Rural | 19 (6.9%) |
| Urbanicity – binary | |
| Metropolitan/Micropolitan | 214 (77.5%) |
| Small town/Rural | 62 (22.5%) |
| Population served | Mean (SD) |
| Mean Population | 16,733.1 (31431.3) |
| Staffing | |
| Sworn headcount | 32.3 (53.0) |
| Residents per officer | 464.9 (210.0) |
| Respondent tenure | |
| Total years served | 28.41 (8.6) |
| Years as agency head | 7.02 (6.67) |
| Total years served at lower ranks | 21.5 (7.7) |
| Northeast | 58 (21.0%) |
| South | 77 (27.9%) |
| Midwest | 110 (39.9%) |
| West | 31 (11.2%) |
| Metropolitan | 168 (60.9%) |
| Micropolitan | 46 (16.7%) |
| Small Town | 43 (15.6%) |
| Rural | 19 (6.9%) |
| Metropolitan/Micropolitan | 214 (77.5%) |
| Small town/Rural | 62 (22.5%) |
| Mean Population | 16,733.1 (31431.3) |
| Sworn headcount | 32.3 (53.0) |
| Residents per officer | 464.9 (210.0) |
| Total years served | 28.41 (8.6) |
| Years as agency head | 7.02 (6.67) |
| Total years served at lower ranks | 21.5 (7.7) |
Source(s): Table and all contents by the authors