Table 3 Convergent validity and...

Table 3

Convergent validity and reliability assessment

Constructs	Items	λ	IIR	CR	α	CRel	AVE
Positive interdependence	PID1	0.825	0.825	–	0.817	0.825	0.626
	PID3	0.791	0.691	24.083***
	PID4	0.844	0.736	20.419***
Promotive interactions	PI1	0.785	0.647	–	0.833	0.841	0.621
	PI2	0.853	0.751	14.628***
	PI3	0.865	0.764	13.441***
	PI4	0.871	0.685	11.215***
	PI6	0.839	0.719	10.619***
Individual and group accountability	IGA1	0.795	0.603	–	0.915	0.921	0.583
	IGA3	0.917	0.835	27.094***
	IGA4	0.805	0.813	26.147***
	IGA5	0.818	0.692	24.701***
	IGA6	0.861	0.801	23.117***
Social and interpersonal skills	SS1	0.766	0.662	–	0.847	0.853	0.651
	SS2	0.926	0.711	13.825***
	SS3	0.751	0.804	12.447***
	SS5	0.814	0.671	10.511***
	SS6	0.733	0.685	9.713***
	SS7	0.837	0.692	8.528***
	SS8	0.828	0.816	6.901***
Group processing	GP1	0.821	0.733	–	0.911	0.920	0.644
	GP2	0.855	0.688	25.301***
	GP4	0.831	0.659	24.633***
	GP5	0.862	0.725	22.117***
	GP6	0.920	0.788	20.413***
Cooperative learning	CL1	0.835	0.638	–	0.818	0.834	0.623
	CL2	0.908	0.644	28.471***
	CL3	0.810	0.829	27.101***
	CL4	0.911	0.719	25.318***
Academic performance	AP1	0.834	0.658	–	0.822	0.827	0.631
Academic performance	AP2	0.826	0.814	10.602***

Constructs	Items	λ	IIR	CR	α	CRel	AVE
Positive interdependence	PID1	0.825	0.825	–	0.817	0.825	0.626
	PID3	0.791	0.691	24.083***
	PID4	0.844	0.736	20.419***
Promotive interactions	PI1	0.785	0.647	–	0.833	0.841	0.621
	PI2	0.853	0.751	14.628***
	PI3	0.865	0.764	13.441***
	PI4	0.871	0.685	11.215***
	PI6	0.839	0.719	10.619***
Individual and group accountability	IGA1	0.795	0.603	–	0.915	0.921	0.583
	IGA3	0.917	0.835	27.094***
	IGA4	0.805	0.813	26.147***
	IGA5	0.818	0.692	24.701***
	IGA6	0.861	0.801	23.117***
Social and interpersonal skills	SS1	0.766	0.662	–	0.847	0.853	0.651
	SS2	0.926	0.711	13.825***
	SS3	0.751	0.804	12.447***
	SS5	0.814	0.671	10.511***
	SS6	0.733	0.685	9.713***
	SS7	0.837	0.692	8.528***
	SS8	0.828	0.816	6.901***
Group processing	GP1	0.821	0.733	–	0.911	0.920	0.644
	GP2	0.855	0.688	25.301***
	GP4	0.831	0.659	24.633***
	GP5	0.862	0.725	22.117***
	GP6	0.920	0.788	20.413***
Cooperative learning	CL1	0.835	0.638	–	0.818	0.834	0.623
	CL2	0.908	0.644	28.471***
	CL3	0.810	0.829	27.101***
	CL4	0.911	0.719	25.318***
Academic performance	AP1	0.834	0.658	–	0.822	0.827	0.631
Academic performance	AP2	0.826	0.814	10.602***

Note(s): CR is fixed. ***p < 0.001, λ = standardised factor loadings, IIR = Individual items reliabilities, CR = Critical ratios, α = Cronbach's alpha, CRel = Composite reliability, AVE = Average variance extracted

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