Data extraction summary of the included studies on healthcare workers – adherence to the MDP among workers: a systematic review
| First author, et al. (year) | Country | Study type | Sample | Type of workers | A priori method used | Adherence to the MDP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health professionals | ||||||
| Petimar et al. (2018) | United States | Cohort | 1,24,707 adults (37.4% males; range: 40–75 years among males and range: 30–55 years among females) | Healthcare professionals (Nurses’ Health Studyand Health Professionals Follow-up Study) | Alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED) score [range: from 0 to 9] | Males Q1: m ± SD = 1.5 ± 0.6, n = 8,726 Q5: m ± SD = 7.4 ± 0.6, n = 6,818 Females Q1: m ± SD = 1.5 ± 0.6, n = 18,592 Q5: m ± SD = 6.6 ± 0.7, n = 16,213 |
| Wang et al. (2018) | United States | Cohort | 14,046 adults (37.1% males; range: 40–75 years among males, and range: 30–55 years among females) | Healthcare professionals (Nurses’ Health Studyand Health Professionals Follow-up Study) | Alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED) score [range: from 0 to 9] | Males T1: m ± SD = 5.2 ± 1.8, n = 1,842 T2: m ± SD = 4.3 ± 1.9, n = 1,599 T3: m ± SD = 3.4 ± 1.7, n = 1,777 Females T1: m ± SD = 5.1 ± 1.6, n = 3,189 T2: m ± SD = 4.2 ± 1.8, n = 2,308 T3: m ± SD = 3.2 ± 1.7, n = 3,331 |
| Sotos-Prieto et al.(2015a) | United States | Cohort | 79 538 adults (36.9% males; range: 40–75 years among males, and range: 30–55 years among females) | Healthcare professionals (Nurses’ Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study) | Alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED) score [range: from 0 to 9] | Males Q1: m ± SD = 5.6 ± 1.6, n = 5,945 Q3: m ± SD = 4.2 ± 1.9, n = 7,074 Q5: m ± SD = 3.0 ± 1.6, n = 5,176 Females Q1: m ± SD = 5.4 ± 1.5, n = 9,576 Q3: m ± SD = 4.0 ± 1.8, n = 11,673 Q5: m ± SD = 2.7 ± 1.6, n = 9,742 |
| Barbhaiya et al. (2021) | United States | Cohort | 1,73,122 female adults (range: 25–55 years) | Healthcare professionals (Nurses’ Health Studyand Nurses’ Health StudyII) | Alternative Mediterranean diet (aMED) score [range: from 0 to 9] | Nurses’ Health Study (n = 79,568) T1: n = 18,930 T2: n = 30,801 T3: n = 29,837 Nurses’ Health Study II (n = 93,554) T1: n = 37,128 T2: n = 17,638 T3: n = 38,788 |
| Hu et al. (2015) | United States | Cohort | 1,74,638 female adults (range: 25–55 years) | Healthcare professionals (Nurses’ Health Studyand Nurses’ Health StudyII) | Alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED) score [range: from 0 to 9] | Nurses’ Health Study (n = 83,245) Q1: range = 0–2, n = 19,140 Q2: range = 3, n = 17,279 Q3: range = 4–5, n = 32,501 Q4: range = 6–9, n = 14,325 Nurses’ Health Study II (n = 91,393) Q1: range = 1–2, n = 19,071 Q2: range = 3–4, n = 33,881 Q3: range = 5, n = 16,375 Q4: range = 6–9, n = 22,066 |
| Hirko et al. (2016) | United States | Cohort | 1,00,643 female adults (range: 30–55 years) | Healthcare professionals (Nurses’ Health Study) | Alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED) score [range: from 0 to 9] | Q1: range = 0.0–2.6 Q2: range = 2.7–3.5 Q3: range = 3.6–4.4 Q4: range = 4.5–5.4 Q5: range = 5.5–9.0 |
| Jung et al. (2016) | United States | Cohort (but with a nested case-control analysis) | 1,688 female adults (range: 30–55 years) | Healthcare professionals (Nurses’ Health Study) | Alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED) score [range: no information] | Q1: median = 20, n= 366 Q2: median = 23, n = 327 Q3: median = 26, n = 381 Q4: median = 28, n = 381 Q5: median = 32, n = 566 |
| Wirth et al. (2018) | United States | Cohort | 43,635 male adults (range: 40–75 years) | Healthcare professionals (Health Professionals Follow-up Study) | Alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED) score [range: from 0 to 9] | Q1: range = 0.0–2.0 Q2: range = 3.0–3.0 Q3: range = 4.0–5.0 Q4: range = 5.0–6.0 Q5: range = 6.0–9.0 |
| Kenfield et al. (2014) | United States | Cohort (but with a case-only survival analysis) | 51,529 male adults (range: 40–75 years) | Healthcare professionals (Health Professionals Follow-up Study) | Mediterranean dietscore (MDS) [range: from 0 to 9] | At baseline (in 1986) Low adherence (0–3 points): 36.8% Moderate adherence (4–5 points): 34.0% High adherence (6–9 points): 29.2% |
| Béjar Prado and Mesa Rodríguez (2022) | Spain | Cross-sectional | 44 adults (47.7% males; mean age of 47.7 ± 11.8 years) | Healthcare professionals from hospital emergency services | 2 indicators: (1) Global adherence indicator, expresses the average of items within the recommendations, ranging from 0 to 15; and (2) Global adherence indicator ≥ 8, expresses the percentage of participants who comply with recommendations in eight or more items | (1) Global adherence indicator: m ± SD = 6.0 ± 2.2 (2) Global adherence indicator ≥ 8 points: n = 9 (20.5%) |
| Rapisarda et al. (2021) | Italy | Cohort | 38 adults (45% males; mean age of 48.5 ± 7.4 years among males, and mean age of 49.3 ± 7.9 years among females) | Healthcare workers at an emergency hospital | PREDIMED questionnaire [range: from 0 to 14] | At baseline Males: m ± SD = 4.6 ± 2.3 Females: m ± SD = 4.8 ± 1.9 |
| González-Sosa et al. (2021) | Spain | Cross-sectional | 922 adults (28% males; mean age of 42.6 ± 11.4 years; range: 20–69 years) | Healthcare personnel | Mediterranean diet adherence score (MEDAS) [range: from 0 to 14] | Low adherence (0–8 points): n = 358 (38.8%) Good adherence (9–14 points): n = 564 (61.2%) |
| Leyva-Vela et al. (2021) | Spain | Cross-sectional | 240 female adults (mean age of 37 ± 10 years) | Nurses and nursing assistants | PREDIMED-PLUS questionnaire [range: from 0 to 17] | Overall: m ± SD = 7.2 ± 2.6 |
| Carlos et al. (2020) | Spain | Cohort | 890 adults (51.9% males; mean age of 51.7 ± 9.4 years; range: 19–65 years) | Doctors | Mediterranean diet score (MDS) [range: from 0 to 9] | Low adherence (0–2 points): n = 126 (14.2%) Moderate adherence (3–5 points): n = 504 (56.6%) High adherence (6–9 points): n = 260 (29.2%) |
| Sentenach-Carbo et al. (2019) | Spain | Cross-sectional | 422 adults (no sample characterization) | Primary care physicians | PREDIMED questionnaire [range: from 0 to 14] | Very low adherence (0–5 points): 12% Low adherence (6–7 points): 33% Medium adherence (8–11 points): 52% High adherence (12–14 points): 3% |
| Eleuteri et al. (2018) | Italy | Cross-sectional | 117 adults (37.6% males; mean age of 54.0 ± 6.4; range: 40–64 years) | Primary caregivers of people with Alzheimer’sdisease or dementia | Mediterranean diet score (MDS) [range: from 0 to 55] | Overall: m ± SD = 31.7 ± 5.2 |
| Tountas et al. (2007) | Greece | Cross-sectional | 262 adults (38.5%; mean age of 38.3 years) | Hospital employees, namely administrative, auxiliary and technical personnel, medical doctors and nurses | Diet score [range: no information] | Males: m ± SD = 34.7 ± 4.0 Females: m ± SD = 34.1 ± 3.8 |
| First author, | Country | Study type | Sample | Type of workers | A priori method used | Adherence to the MDP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Cohort | 1,24,707 adults (37.4% males; range: 40–75 years among males and range: 30–55 years among females) | Healthcare professionals (Nurses’ Health Studyand Health Professionals Follow-up Study) | Alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED) score | Males | |
| United States | Cohort | 14,046 adults (37.1% males; range: 40–75 years among males, and range: 30–55 years among females) | Healthcare professionals (Nurses’ Health Studyand Health Professionals Follow-up Study) | Alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED) score | Males | |
| United States | Cohort | 79 538 adults (36.9% males; range: 40–75 years among males, and range: 30–55 years among females) | Healthcare professionals (Nurses’ Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study) | Alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED) score | Males | |
| United States | Cohort | 1,73,122 female adults (range: 25–55 years) | Healthcare professionals (Nurses’ Health Studyand Nurses’ Health StudyII) | Alternative Mediterranean diet (aMED) score | Nurses’ Health Study ( | |
| United States | Cohort | 1,74,638 female adults (range: 25–55 years) | Healthcare professionals (Nurses’ Health Studyand Nurses’ Health StudyII) | Alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED) score | Nurses’ Health Study ( | |
| United States | Cohort | 1,00,643 female adults (range: 30–55 years) | Healthcare professionals (Nurses’ Health Study) | Alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED) score | Q1: range = 0.0–2.6 | |
| United States | Cohort (but with a nested case-control analysis) | 1,688 female adults (range: 30–55 years) | Healthcare professionals (Nurses’ Health Study) | Alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED) score | Q1: median = 20, | |
| United States | Cohort | 43,635 male adults (range: 40–75 years) | Healthcare professionals (Health Professionals Follow-up Study) | Alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED) score | Q1: range = 0.0–2.0 | |
| United States | Cohort (but with a case-only survival analysis) | 51,529 male adults (range: 40–75 years) | Healthcare professionals (Health Professionals Follow-up Study) | Mediterranean dietscore (MDS) | At baseline (in 1986) | |
| Spain | Cross-sectional | 44 adults (47.7% males; mean age of 47.7 ± 11.8 years) | Healthcare professionals from hospital emergency services | 2 indicators: (1) Global adherence indicator, expresses the average of items within the recommendations, ranging from 0 to 15; and (2) Global adherence indicator ≥ 8, expresses the percentage of participants who comply with recommendations in eight or more items | (1) Global adherence indicator: m ± SD = 6.0 ± 2.2 | |
| Italy | Cohort | 38 adults (45% males; mean age of 48.5 ± 7.4 years among males, and mean age of 49.3 ± 7.9 years among females) | Healthcare workers at an emergency hospital | PREDIMED questionnaire | At baseline | |
| Spain | Cross-sectional | 922 adults (28% males; mean age of 42.6 ± 11.4 years; range: 20–69 years) | Healthcare personnel | Mediterranean diet adherence score (MEDAS) | Low adherence (0–8 points): | |
| Spain | Cross-sectional | 240 female adults (mean age of 37 ± 10 years) | Nurses and nursing assistants | PREDIMED-PLUS questionnaire | Overall: m ± SD = 7.2 ± 2.6 | |
| Spain | Cohort | 890 adults (51.9% males; mean age of 51.7 ± 9.4 years; range: 19–65 years) | Doctors | Mediterranean diet score (MDS) | Low adherence (0–2 points): | |
| Spain | Cross-sectional | 422 adults (no sample characterization) | Primary care physicians | PREDIMED questionnaire | Very low adherence (0–5 points): 12% | |
| Italy | Cross-sectional | 117 adults (37.6% males; mean age of 54.0 ± 6.4; range: 40–64 years) | Primary caregivers of people with Alzheimer’sdisease or dementia | Mediterranean diet score (MDS) | Overall: m ± SD = 31.7 ± 5.2 | |
| Greece | Cross-sectional | 262 adults (38.5%; mean age of 38.3 years) | Hospital employees, namely administrative, auxiliary and technical personnel, medical doctors and nurses | Diet score | Males: m ± SD = 34.7 ± 4.0 | |
Notes:
MDP = Mediterranean dietary pattern; m = mean score; SD = standard deviation; n = absolute frequency
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