Implications of characteristics of disruptions on flexibility-based countermeasures
| Characteristics of disruption | Flexibility-based countermeasure type | Implications of characteristics of disruptions on flexibility-based countermeasures | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geographical spread | Local | Global | ||
| Spatial flexibility | Potential to bypass the problem | Many ports and routes affected | ||
| Capacity flexibility | Capacity available elsewhere | Increased importance of adding capacity | ||
| Service flexibility | Regional focus | Intercontinental focus | ||
| Duration | Short | Long | ||
| Spatial flexibility | Reactive change of nodes Relative ease of making changes with short-term commitments | Less flexibility with long-term commitments | ||
| Capacity flexibility | Reallocation of capacity | Daring to invest in adding new capacity | ||
| Service flexibility | Less flexibility with long-term commitments | |||
| Uncertainty | Low | High | ||
| Spatial flexibility | Reactive change of nodes Relative ease of planning rerouting | More difficult to plan amid uncertainty regarding how ports would be affected | ||
| Capacity flexibility | Relative ease of planning the use of resources | Misjudgement of the situation Reliance on past experience (e.g. irreversibility of scrapping) Reluctance to add capacity amid uncertainty about such capacity should be designed | ||
| Service flexibility | Shipping lines’ prioritisation of certain cargo, which made the spot market uncertain even though carriers could reap greater benefits | |||
| Criticality | Low | High | ||
| Spatial flexibility | Alternatives available | Less spatial flexibility Increased difficulty with replacing critical ports | ||
| Capacity flexibility | Alternatives available | Capacity flexibility boosted by spatial flexibility by shifting resources to where they were most crucial | ||
| Surprise | Expected | Unexpected | ||
| Spatial flexibility | More spatial flexibility by planning, having mechanisms in place, diverting vessels and identifying alternatives | Reactive use of spatial flexibility | ||
| Temporal flexibility | Lack of flexibility in ports to receive vessels on short notice | |||
| Intensity | Stable (high) | Fluctuating | ||
| Capacity flexibility | Extra capacity needed over time Relative ease of assessing the needed capacity | Max capacity needed during a short period Reduced relevance of adding capacity | ||
| Service flexibility | Forced acceptance amongst customers | Reduced ability to change carriers Interest in using other modes | ||
| Characteristics of disruption | Flexibility-based countermeasure type | Implications of characteristics of disruptions on flexibility-based countermeasures | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spatial flexibility | Potential to bypass the problem | Many ports and routes affected | ||
| Capacity flexibility | Capacity available elsewhere | Increased importance of adding capacity | ||
| Service flexibility | Regional focus | Intercontinental focus | ||
| Spatial flexibility | Reactive change of nodes | Less flexibility with long-term commitments | ||
| Capacity flexibility | Reallocation of capacity | Daring to invest in adding new capacity | ||
| Service flexibility | Less flexibility with long-term commitments | |||
| Spatial flexibility | Reactive change of nodes | More difficult to plan amid uncertainty regarding how ports would be affected | ||
| Capacity flexibility | Relative ease of planning the use of resources | Misjudgement of the situation | ||
| Service flexibility | Shipping lines’ prioritisation of certain cargo, which made the spot market uncertain even though carriers could reap greater benefits | |||
| Spatial flexibility | Alternatives available | Less spatial flexibility | ||
| Capacity flexibility | Alternatives available | Capacity flexibility boosted by spatial flexibility by shifting resources to where they were most crucial | ||
| Spatial flexibility | More spatial flexibility by planning, having mechanisms in place, diverting vessels and identifying alternatives | Reactive use of spatial flexibility | ||
| Temporal flexibility | Lack of flexibility in ports to receive vessels on short notice | |||
| Capacity flexibility | Extra capacity needed over time | Max capacity needed during a short period | ||
| Service flexibility | Forced acceptance amongst customers | Reduced ability to change carriers | ||
Source(s): Table by authors