Table 1.

Description of variables and data sources

Name of variableDefinitionSource of data
Foreign direct investment (FDI) inflowsFDI refers to the net inflows of investment as the sum of equity capital and investment of earningsDPIIT
Market size (MS)Market size, measured by GDP directly influences the return on investment. It the market value of final goods and services produced in a country in a given periodRBI
Inflation rate (IR)Inflation, as proxied by the consumer price index (CPI), is the annual change in percentage for the consumer's cost bearing for purchasing a similar basket of goods and servicesRBI
Trade openness (OPEN)Trade openness is treated as, ratio of total of exports and imports as a percentage of country’s annual GDPRBI
Infrastructure (INF)Being the cheapest source of transportation, infrastructure has been proxied by freight carried by railways in million-ton km annually. Along with the transport infrastructure, tele-density has also been taken as an important proxy to infrastructureWorld Bank
Domestic investment (INV)Investment, proxied by gross fixed capital formation is the aggregate of gross additions to fixed assets (that is fixed capital formation) and change in stocks in the same financial yearRBI
Source: Authors’ compilation from DPIIT, RBI and WB

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