Bullying questionnaire items and prevalence of bullying among medical and non-medical students
| Prevalence (N, %) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of bullying | MSa N = 150 | NMSb N = 150 | Total N = 300 | p-value |
| Attempts to belittle and undermine your work | 57 (38%) | 21 (14%) | 78 (26.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Unjustified criticism and monitoring of your work | 38 (25.3%) | 17 (11.3%) | 55 (18.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Attempts to humiliate you in front of colleagues | 29 (19.3%) | 11 (7.3%) | 40 (13.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Intimidating use of discipline or competence procedures | 34 (22.67%) | 4 (2.67%) | 38 (12.7%) | <0.0001 |
| Undermining your personal integrity | 32 (21.3%) | 13 (8.67%) | 45 (15.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Destructive innuendo and sarcasm | 41 (27.3%) | 20 (13.3%) | 61 (20.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Making inappropriate jokes as well as verbal and non-verbal threats about you | 29 (19.3%) | 15 (10%) | 44 (14.7%) | <0.0001 |
| Persistent teasing | 15 (10%) | 15 (10%) | 30 (10.0%) | 1.00 |
| Physical violence | 4 (2.67%) | 4 (2.67%) | 88 (2.7%) | 1.00 |
| Sexual harassment | 5 (3.3%) | 3 (2%) | 8 (2.7%) | 0.5144 |
| Violence to property | 5 (3.3%) | 7 (4.67%) | 12 (4.0%) | 0.5106 |
| Withholding necessary information from you | 26 (17.3%) | 18 (12%) | 44 (14.7%) | 0.1799 |
| Freezing out, ignoring or excluding | 31 (20.67%) | 24 (16%) | 55 (18.3%) | 0.2656 |
| Undue pressure to produce work | 77 (51.3%) | 46 (30.67%) | 123 (41.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Setting of impossible deadlines | 61 (40.67%) | 37 (24.67%) | 98 (32.7%) | <0.0001 |
| Shifting of goal posts without telling you | 50 (33.3%) | 20 (13.3%) | 70 (23.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Constant undervaluing of your efforts | 40 (26.67%) | 25 (16.67%) | 65 (21.6%) | <0.0001 |
| Persistent attempts to demoralize you | 42 (28%) | 22 (14.67%) | 64 (21.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Removal of areas of responsibility without consultation | 15 (10%) | 12 (8%) | 27 (9.0%) | 0.5457 |
| Discrimination on racial or sexual grounds | 42 (28%) | 25 (16.67%) | 67 (22.3%) | 0.0228 |
| Prevalence (N, %) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of bullying | MSa | NMSb | Total | |
| Attempts to belittle and undermine your work | 57 (38%) | 21 (14%) | 78 (26.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Unjustified criticism and monitoring of your work | 38 (25.3%) | 17 (11.3%) | 55 (18.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Attempts to humiliate you in front of colleagues | 29 (19.3%) | 11 (7.3%) | 40 (13.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Intimidating use of discipline or competence procedures | 34 (22.67%) | 4 (2.67%) | 38 (12.7%) | <0.0001 |
| Undermining your personal integrity | 32 (21.3%) | 13 (8.67%) | 45 (15.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Destructive innuendo and sarcasm | 41 (27.3%) | 20 (13.3%) | 61 (20.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Making inappropriate jokes as well as verbal and non-verbal threats about you | 29 (19.3%) | 15 (10%) | 44 (14.7%) | <0.0001 |
| Persistent teasing | 15 (10%) | 15 (10%) | 30 (10.0%) | 1.00 |
| Physical violence | 4 (2.67%) | 4 (2.67%) | 88 (2.7%) | 1.00 |
| Sexual harassment | 5 (3.3%) | 3 (2%) | 8 (2.7%) | 0.5144 |
| Violence to property | 5 (3.3%) | 7 (4.67%) | 12 (4.0%) | 0.5106 |
| Withholding necessary information from you | 26 (17.3%) | 18 (12%) | 44 (14.7%) | 0.1799 |
| Freezing out, ignoring or excluding | 31 (20.67%) | 24 (16%) | 55 (18.3%) | 0.2656 |
| Undue pressure to produce work | 77 (51.3%) | 46 (30.67%) | 123 (41.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Setting of impossible deadlines | 61 (40.67%) | 37 (24.67%) | 98 (32.7%) | <0.0001 |
| Shifting of goal posts without telling you | 50 (33.3%) | 20 (13.3%) | 70 (23.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Constant undervaluing of your efforts | 40 (26.67%) | 25 (16.67%) | 65 (21.6%) | <0.0001 |
| Persistent attempts to demoralize you | 42 (28%) | 22 (14.67%) | 64 (21.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Removal of areas of responsibility without consultation | 15 (10%) | 12 (8%) | 27 (9.0%) | 0.5457 |
| Discrimination on racial or sexual grounds | 42 (28%) | 25 (16.67%) | 67 (22.3%) | 0.0228 |
Note(s): aMS, medical students
bNMS, non-medical students
Source(s): Table by authors
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