Literature review of studies on indoor assessment
| City, country | Study | Results | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dhaka (Bangladesh) | Indicators of hospital IAQ and toxicity potentials | IAQ indicators had an overall average concentration of 104.1 ± 67.6 (PM1), 137.4 ± 89.2 (PM2.5), and 159.0 ± 103.3 (PM10µg/m3; 0.11 ± 0.02 (NO2), 1047.1 ± 234.2 (CO2), and 176.5 ± 117.7 (TVOC) ppm | Zaman et al. (2021) |
| Sulaymaniyah (Iraq) | Evaluation of CO2 levels, interior temperature, and relative humidity | Buildings with non-centralized heating and unventilated systems have higher CO2 levels than those with centralized systems Thermal comfort is influenced by weather and building placement | Alshrefy, Yousif, AL-Rifaee, and Mohammed (2020) |
| Cairo (Egypt) | IAP in houses varies seasonally | In the summer, when ventilation rates are higher, IAP is heavily influenced by atmospheric levels, but interior concentrations are more influenced by indoor sources in the winter, when indoor activities are more prevalent and ventilation is lower In both seasons, the volume of rooms and the number of occupants had an impact on indoor PM, CO, and CO2 levels | Abdel-Salam (2021) |
| Akure (Nigeria) | Evaluation of Akure, South West, Nigeria’s indoor air quality | Indoor PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 averages were 11.81, 10.03, and 7.242 µg/m3, respectively | Abulude, Fagbayide, Akinnusotu, Makinde, and Elisha (2019) |
| Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) | Cook-stove indoor air pollution in Ethiopia | Clean, upgraded, and conventional stoves’ geometric means of PM varied from 10.8 to 235, 23.6–462, and 36.4–591 µg/m3, respectively | Embiale, Chandravanahi, Zewge, and Sahle-Demennie (2020) |
| Desa, Malaysia | An evaluation of air pollution at a construction site in Malaysia | The outcome reveals that the mean PM10 levels were 62.71 µg/m3, the average PM2.5 levels was 18.32 µg/m3, and the average PM1 concentration is 14.04 µg/m3. When compared to PM2.5 and PM1, PM10 has the highest reading. The particulate matter content and climatic parameters do not significantly correlate. There is a strong correlation between some variables and the concentrations of CO, CO2, SO2, and NO2 | Saudi, Nurulshyha, Mahmud, and Rizman (2017) |
| Nsukka, Nigeria | NO2, SO2, and O3 indoor concentration levels in homes in Nsukka, Nigeria | In the kitchens, the indoor concentrations of NO2, SO2, and ozone range from 15 to 722 µg/m3 (median: 174, IQR: 74–336 µg/m3), 3–101 µg/m3 (median: 5, IQR: 4–9 µg/m3), and 2–46 µg/m3(median: 10, IQR: 5–15 µg/m3). Contrary to SO2 (3–4 µg/m3) and O3 (14–20 µg/m3) median levels, which were respectively similar in all rooms within the urban home, NO2 (94, IQR: 64–175 µg/m3) concentrations in kitchens were at least two times higher than in other rooms | Agbo, Walgraeve, Eze, Ugwuoke, and Ukoha (2021) |
| Taiyuan, China | Among Students in Chinese Schools: A Longitudinal Investigation of Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) in Relation to SO2, NO2, O3, and PM10 | There were favorable correlations between the contaminants and the newly developing symptoms of the skin, mucosa, and overall health | Zhang et al. (2014) |
| Coimbra, Portugal | Primary schools air quality exploratory research | Particularly in the fall and winter, the highest concentration levels discovered inside the rooms were crucial (5,320 ppm). In a few schools, the highest concentrations of VOC and PM10 average concentrations surpassed the legal standard. CO, formaldehyde, NO2, SO2, and O3 levels (risk) were not significant | Ferreira and Cardoso (2013) |
| City, country | Study | Results | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dhaka (Bangladesh) | Indicators of hospital IAQ and toxicity potentials | IAQ indicators had an overall average concentration of 104.1 ± 67.6 (PM1), 137.4 ± 89.2 (PM2.5), and 159.0 ± 103.3 (PM10µg/m3; 0.11 ± 0.02 (NO2), 1047.1 ± 234.2 (CO2), and 176.5 ± 117.7 (TVOC) ppm | |
| Sulaymaniyah (Iraq) | Evaluation of CO2 levels, interior temperature, and relative humidity | Buildings with non-centralized heating and unventilated systems have higher CO2 levels than those with centralized systems | |
| Cairo (Egypt) | IAP in houses varies seasonally | In the summer, when ventilation rates are higher, IAP is heavily influenced by atmospheric levels, but interior concentrations are more influenced by indoor sources in the winter, when indoor activities are more prevalent and ventilation is lower | |
| Akure (Nigeria) | Evaluation of Akure, South West, Nigeria’s indoor air quality | Indoor PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 averages were 11.81, 10.03, and 7.242 µg/m3, respectively | |
| Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) | Cook-stove indoor air pollution in Ethiopia | Clean, upgraded, and conventional stoves’ geometric means of PM varied from 10.8 to 235, 23.6–462, and 36.4–591 µg/m3, respectively | |
| Desa, Malaysia | An evaluation of air pollution at a construction site in Malaysia | The outcome reveals that the mean PM10 levels were 62.71 µg/m3, the average PM2.5 levels was 18.32 µg/m3, and the average PM1 concentration is 14.04 µg/m3. When compared to PM2.5 and PM1, PM10 has the highest reading. The particulate matter content and climatic parameters do not significantly correlate. There is a strong correlation between some variables and the concentrations of CO, CO2, SO2, and NO2 | |
| Nsukka, Nigeria | NO2, SO2, and O3 indoor concentration levels in homes in Nsukka, Nigeria | In the kitchens, the indoor concentrations of NO2, SO2, and ozone range from 15 to 722 µg/m3 (median: 174, IQR: 74–336 µg/m3), 3–101 µg/m3 (median: 5, IQR: 4–9 µg/m3), and 2–46 µg/m3(median: 10, IQR: 5–15 µg/m3). Contrary to SO2 (3–4 µg/m3) and O3 (14–20 µg/m3) median levels, which were respectively similar in all rooms within the urban home, NO2 (94, IQR: 64–175 µg/m3) concentrations in kitchens were at least two times higher than in other rooms | |
| Taiyuan, China | Among Students in Chinese Schools: A Longitudinal Investigation of Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) in Relation to SO2, NO2, O3, and PM10 | There were favorable correlations between the contaminants and the newly developing symptoms of the skin, mucosa, and overall health | |
| Coimbra, Portugal | Primary schools air quality exploratory research | Particularly in the fall and winter, the highest concentration levels discovered inside the rooms were crucial (5,320 ppm). In a few schools, the highest concentrations of VOC and PM10 average concentrations surpassed the legal standard. CO, formaldehyde, NO2, SO2, and O3 levels (risk) were not significant |
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