Descriptive statistics results for the daily return data
| Mean | SD | Skewness | Kurtosis | JB | ERS | KPSS | Zivot–Andrews unit root test | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CARBON | 0.00067 | 0.01261 | −0.729 | 4.56 | 1800.046*** | −7.672*** | 0.1066* | −21.764*** |
| WTI | 0.00063 | 0.01489 | 1.243 | 24.865 | 49047.019*** | −11.526*** | 0.1223* | −24.5516*** |
| NG | 0.00024 | 0.01892 | 0.741 | 11.471 | 10507.032*** | −18.186*** | 0.1543* | −24.183*** |
| COAL | 0.00026 | 0.01518 | 4.621 | 182.043 | 2,609,544*** | −16.836*** | 0.2153* | −20.2828*** |
| GRNWIND | 0.00011 | 0.00795 | 0.110 | 3.726 | 1094.189*** | −18.172*** | 0.0624* | −21.5201*** |
| GRNGEOX | 0.00017 | 0.00946 | 0.233 | 9.219 | 6691.975*** | −16.052*** | 0.0468* | −21.6974*** |
| GRNBIO | −5.038e−05 | 0.0101 | −1.372 | 11.238 | 10511.5*** | −16.532*** | 0.049* | −20.7433*** |
| PBW | 6.587e−05 | 0.01138 | −0.335 | 3.053 | 767.366*** | −17.651*** | 0.2416* | −21.3962*** |
| BTC | 0.00066 | 0.00912 | −15.698 | 299.011 | 7,099,642*** | −15.384*** | 0.291* | −23.0178*** |
| ETH | 0.00153 | 0.07397 | −21.838 | 669.339 | 35,337,646*** | −15.361*** | 0.2383* | −22.7091*** |
| GPR | 0.00029 | 0.00999 | 0.257 | 1.245 | 142.514*** | −10.213*** | 0.0591* | −19.2759*** |
| Mean | SD | Skewness | Kurtosis | JB | ERS | KPSS | Zivot–Andrews unit root test | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CARBON | 0.00067 | 0.01261 | −0.729 | 4.56 | 1800.046*** | −7.672*** | 0.1066* | −21.764*** |
| WTI | 0.00063 | 0.01489 | 1.243 | 24.865 | 49047.019*** | −11.526*** | 0.1223* | −24.5516*** |
| NG | 0.00024 | 0.01892 | 0.741 | 11.471 | 10507.032*** | −18.186*** | 0.1543* | −24.183*** |
| COAL | 0.00026 | 0.01518 | 4.621 | 182.043 | 2,609,544*** | −16.836*** | 0.2153* | −20.2828*** |
| GRNWIND | 0.00011 | 0.00795 | 0.110 | 3.726 | 1094.189*** | −18.172*** | 0.0624* | −21.5201*** |
| GRNGEOX | 0.00017 | 0.00946 | 0.233 | 9.219 | 6691.975*** | −16.052*** | 0.0468* | −21.6974*** |
| GRNBIO | −5.038e−05 | 0.0101 | −1.372 | 11.238 | 10511.5*** | −16.532*** | 0.049* | −20.7433*** |
| PBW | 6.587e−05 | 0.01138 | −0.335 | 3.053 | 767.366*** | −17.651*** | 0.2416* | −21.3962*** |
| BTC | 0.00066 | 0.00912 | −15.698 | 299.011 | 7,099,642*** | −15.384*** | 0.291* | −23.0178*** |
| ETH | 0.00153 | 0.07397 | −21.838 | 669.339 | 35,337,646*** | −15.361*** | 0.2383* | −22.7091*** |
| GPR | 0.00029 | 0.00999 | 0.257 | 1.245 | 142.514*** | −10.213*** | 0.0591* | −19.2759*** |
Source(s): Created by authors