Table 2.

Determinants of LIHC energy poverty indicator (marginal effects) 2006–2022

(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
Characteristics of the dwelling place
Rural0.0205*** (0.00162)0.0191*** (0.00162)0.0195*** (0.00162)0.0137*** (0.00158)0.0207*** (0.00163)
Old home0.0145*** (0.00111)0.0148*** (0.00111)0.0147*** (0.00111)0.0158*** (0.00111)0.0145*** (0.00111)
Apartment building−0.0286*** (0.00144)−0.0278*** (0.00143)−0.0289*** (0.00144)−0.0258*** (0.00143)−0.0286*** (0.00144)
Number of rooms0.000391 (0.000462)0.000292 (0.000462)0.000313 (0.000463)−0.000197 (0.000463)0.000394 (0.000462)
Socio-economic characteristics of each household
Unemployment0.135*** (0.00393)0.134*** (0.00393)0.135*** (0.00394)0.133*** (0.00393)0.135*** (0.00393)
Retired0.0292*** (0.00129)0.0291*** (0.00129)0.0294*** (0.00129)0.0295*** (0.00130)0.0292*** (0.00129)
Higher education−0.0624*** (0.00105)−0.0620*** (0.00106)−0.0625*** (0.00106)−0.0612*** (0.00106)−0.0625*** (0.00105)
One parent0.120*** (0.00551)0.120*** (0.00549)0.121*** (0.00553)0.120*** (0.00552)0.120*** (0.00550)
One person0.0692*** (0.00177)0.0690*** (0.00177)0.0692*** (0.00177)0.0684*** (0.00176)0.0693*** (0.00177)
Climate factors
HDD0.0464*** (0.00233)0.0490*** (0.00228)0.0348*** (0.00264)0.0261*** (0.00257)0.0474*** (0.00244)
CDD0.00812*** (0.000471)0.00845*** (0.000467)0.00679*** (0.000484)0.00573*** (0.000501)0.00823*** (0.000479)
Regional factors
Group 1 −0.00827*** (0.00124)   
Group 2  −0.00970*** (0.00117)  
Group 3   0.0335*** (0.00171) 
Group 4    −0.00484*** (0.00175)
Observations328,862

Notes: Estimates control for time dummies. Level of statistical significance: ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1. Robust standard errors in parentheses

Source: Authors’ own work

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