Table 1. Analytical framework Categories...

Table 1.

Analytical framework

Categories	Systematic communication	Individual roles	Common goals	Time pressure	Group learning	Trust and relationships	Absorptive capability
Barriers	Lack of communication and communicative tools Ambiguity in how to apply knowledge in practice	Difficulty in identifying individual roles and how tasks are to be conducted	Lack of mutual understanding of goals and vision and how to reach them	Lack for time Stress and deadlines pressure	Disconnected group members Big sized groups Group members overwhelmed with work tasks Lack of availability of information or training required Lack of communication within and between groups	Conflict between colleagues and lack of trust Stressful work environment	Limited capability to learn, absorb new knowledge and develop new skills through, i.e. education
Facilitators	Established functional communication channels Easy access to skills within the organization	Clear work role and project role Understanding work tasks and how to execute them	Clear common goals and vision and how to reach them	Time to reflect on learned knowledge	Group shared understanding Variation in knowledge within the group Small groups or subgroups with communication links Group supervisor/group leader Group members are not overwhelmed with work tasks/workload Training and information availability	A positive view of colleagues Trust in colleagues’ competence and ability to perform tasks Safe work environment	The organization value developing, assimilating and incorporating new knowledge through, i.e. education

Categories	Systematic communication	Individual roles	Common goals	Time pressure	Group learning	Trust and relationships	Absorptive capability
Barriers	Lack of communication and communicative toolsAmbiguity in how to apply knowledge in practice	Difficulty in identifying individual roles and how tasks are to be conducted	Lack of mutual understanding of goals and vision and how to reach them	Lack for timeStress and deadlines pressure	Disconnected group membersBig sized groupsGroup members overwhelmed with work tasksLack of availability of information or training requiredLack of communication within and between groups	Conflict between colleagues and lack of trustStressful work environment	Limited capability to learn, absorb new knowledge and develop new skills through, i.e. education
Facilitators	Established functional communication channelsEasy access to skills within the organization	Clear work role and project roleUnderstanding work tasks and how to execute them	Clear common goals and vision and how to reach them	Time to reflect on learned knowledge	Group shared understandingVariation in knowledge within the groupSmall groups or subgroups with communication linksGroup supervisor/group leaderGroup members are not overwhelmed with work tasks/workloadTraining and information availability	A positive view of colleaguesTrust in colleagues’ competence and ability to perform tasksSafe work environment	The organization value developing, assimilating and incorporating new knowledge through, i.e. education

Source: Authors’ own work developed from Ajmal & Koskinen (2008), Allix (2011), Antonacopoulou (2016), Argote (2013a), Argote (2013b), Argote & Fahrenkopf (2016), Cohen & Levinthal (1990), Fang et al. (2010), Goswami & Agrawal (2020), Inkpen & Tsang (2005), Luthra (2017), Granberg (2004), Quigley et al. (2007), Sandberg & Targama (1998), Sankowska, 2013, Stelmaszczyk (2023) and Szulanski (1996)

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