Table 3 Mean scores and ranking of...

Table 3

Mean scores and ranking of ramifications

Ref	Ramifications	Overall (N = 203)			Developer (N = 47)			Consultant (N = 37)			Contractor (N = 119)			KW
Ref	Ramifications	Mean	SD	Rank	Mean	SD	Rank	Mean	SD	Rank	Mean	SD	Rank	p-value
T3	Rescheduling project timeline	4.36	0.904	1	4.36	0.965	2	4.27	0.804	4	4.39	0.913	3	0.306
RC1	Comply with government SOP	4.35	0.913	2	4.28	0.926	3	4.30	0.812	3	4.40	0.942	1	0.229
T1	Delay in hand over project	4.34	0.989	3	4.36	0.942	1	4.35	0.857	2	4.33	1.050	5	0.891
S3	Compulsory COVID-19 test for all workers	4.32	0.990	4	4.15	1.122	6	4.27	0.902	5	4.39	0.959	4	0.260
F2	Extra cost incurred to provide COVID-19 tests for workers	4.28	0.966	5	4.06	0.987	9	4.14	0.918	10	4.40	0.960	2	0.008**
R3	Lack of labour	4.26	1.008	6	4.19	1.035	5	4.19	0.845	7	4.31	1.048	6	0.278
S4	Extra management for workers' accommodation and working schedule as well as site sanitation	4.20	0.990	7	4.02	1.053	11	4.14	1.004	11	4.29	0.958	7	0.199
T2	Delay in material supply	4.20	1.034	8	4.15	1.142	7	4.14	0.887	9	4.24	1.039	8	0.480
T4	Delay in inspections and securing permits	4.15	0.955	9	4.19	0.970	4	4.00	0.882	16	4.18	0.974	11	0.264
F6	Increase in material cost	4.15	1.039	10	3.96	1.160	14	4.41	0.762	1	4.15	1.055	12	0.215
R1	Comply with government SOP	4.11	1.030	11	4.06	1.131	10	4.16	0.834	8	4.12	1.051	14	0.943
S6	Provide health and safety education for all workers	4.09	1.030	12	3.83	1.110	21	4.03	0.928	14	4.21	1.016	9	0.039*
F7	Suspension of projects/reduced number of planned projects	4.06	0.975	13	3.81	1.056	23	4.19	0.776	6	4.13	0.988	13	0.112
F1	Additional cost in providing personal protective equipment (PPE)	4.06	0.985	14	3.81	1.035	22	3.97	0.866	19	4.19	0.985	10	0.017*
P4	Financial distress	4.00	1.002	15	3.94	1.030	16	4.11	0.843	12	3.98	1.041	18	0.839
S2	Practice social distancing	3.99	1.101	16	3.77	1.127	27	3.97	0.928	20	4.08	1.136	15	0.091
S5	Contact tracing	3.96	1.031	17	3.70	1.140	31	4.00	0.782	15	4.04	1.045	16	0.135
P2	Stress about possibility of exposure of virus	3.94	0.958	18	3.96	0.908	13	3.97	0.799	18	3.92	1.026	20	0.978
H2	Low productivity	3.93	1.037	19	3.89	1.047	19	3.95	1.026	22	3.94	1.044	19	0.960
C1	Issues and interruptions in contractual terms	3.90	0.975	20	3.81	1.076	24	3.76	0.863	30	3.98	0.965	17	0.231
P3	Job stress and burnout	3.88	1.027	21	3.94	1.009	15	3.92	1.010	24	3.85	1.047	23	0.862
P1	Social isolation	3.87	0.937	22	3.96	0.884	12	3.84	0.898	26	3.84	0.974	25	0.810
H5	Limited access to construction site	3.86	1.072	23	3.94	1.111	17	4.00	0.913	16	3.79	1.104	28	0.546
F5	Cash flow problem/late payment	3.86	1.104	24	3.70	1.061	29	4.05	0.941	13	3.87	1.164	22	0.324
C2	Increase in disputes, litigation and claims	3.85	1.019	25	3.77	1.108	26	3.73	0.871	31	3.92	1.026	20	0.281
O3	Review on improving existing system	3.84	0.974	26	3.83	0.940	20	3.95	1.026	22	3.81	0.977	26	0.588
P5	Personal needs and family conflict	3.81	0.992	27	3.89	0.914	18	3.78	0.947	27	3.79	1.040	27	0.852
S1	Compulsory body temperature checking	3.79	1.169	28	3.64	1.206	32	3.78	1.031	28	3.85	1.198	24	0.456
O1	Adoption of new technology	3.78	1.035	29	3.79	0.999	25	3.89	1.100	35	3.75	1.035	29	0.668
H1	Reallocation of human resource	3.76	0.942	30	3.70	0.907	28	3.97	0.957	21	3.71	0.949	30	0.335
RC2	Regulatory confusion	3.76	1.013	31	4.09	0.803	8	3.73	0.990	32	3.64	1.071	32	0.058
F4	Cost in providing transportation for workers	3.65	1.091	32	3.49	1.159	35	3.65	0.789	33	3.71	1.145	31	0.471
H4	Work from home challenges	3.63	1.146	33	3.70	1.061	29	3.78	1.031	28	3.55	1.212	33	0.671
F3	Extra cost in appointing COVID-19 health supervisor	3.48	1.114	34	3.40	1.210	37	3.65	0.949	34	3.46	1.126	34	0.625
R2	Tools and equipment unavailable	3.43	1.062	35	3.47	1.231	36	3.57	0.899	37	3.37	1.040	35	0.517
O2	Ability to secure loan at low interest	3.41	1.039	36	3.62	1.033	33	3.62	1.063	35	3.27	1.110	36	0.068
H3	Termination of workers	3.36	1.127	37	3.53	1.177	34	3.62	1.163	36	3.21	1.080	37	0.066

Ref	Ramifications	Overall (N = 203)			Developer (N = 47)			Consultant (N = 37)			Contractor (N = 119)			KW
Ref	Ramifications	Mean	SD	Rank	Mean	SD	Rank	Mean	SD	Rank	Mean	SD	Rank	p-value
T3	Rescheduling project timeline	4.36	0.904	1	4.36	0.965	2	4.27	0.804	4	4.39	0.913	3	0.306
RC1	Comply with government SOP	4.35	0.913	2	4.28	0.926	3	4.30	0.812	3	4.40	0.942	1	0.229
T1	Delay in hand over project	4.34	0.989	3	4.36	0.942	1	4.35	0.857	2	4.33	1.050	5	0.891
S3	Compulsory COVID-19 test for all workers	4.32	0.990	4	4.15	1.122	6	4.27	0.902	5	4.39	0.959	4	0.260
F2	Extra cost incurred to provide COVID-19 tests for workers	4.28	0.966	5	4.06	0.987	9	4.14	0.918	10	4.40	0.960	2	0.008**
R3	Lack of labour	4.26	1.008	6	4.19	1.035	5	4.19	0.845	7	4.31	1.048	6	0.278
S4	Extra management for workers' accommodation and working schedule as well as site sanitation	4.20	0.990	7	4.02	1.053	11	4.14	1.004	11	4.29	0.958	7	0.199
T2	Delay in material supply	4.20	1.034	8	4.15	1.142	7	4.14	0.887	9	4.24	1.039	8	0.480
T4	Delay in inspections and securing permits	4.15	0.955	9	4.19	0.970	4	4.00	0.882	16	4.18	0.974	11	0.264
F6	Increase in material cost	4.15	1.039	10	3.96	1.160	14	4.41	0.762	1	4.15	1.055	12	0.215
R1	Comply with government SOP	4.11	1.030	11	4.06	1.131	10	4.16	0.834	8	4.12	1.051	14	0.943
S6	Provide health and safety education for all workers	4.09	1.030	12	3.83	1.110	21	4.03	0.928	14	4.21	1.016	9	0.039*
F7	Suspension of projects/reduced number of planned projects	4.06	0.975	13	3.81	1.056	23	4.19	0.776	6	4.13	0.988	13	0.112
F1	Additional cost in providing personal protective equipment (PPE)	4.06	0.985	14	3.81	1.035	22	3.97	0.866	19	4.19	0.985	10	0.017*
P4	Financial distress	4.00	1.002	15	3.94	1.030	16	4.11	0.843	12	3.98	1.041	18	0.839
S2	Practice social distancing	3.99	1.101	16	3.77	1.127	27	3.97	0.928	20	4.08	1.136	15	0.091
S5	Contact tracing	3.96	1.031	17	3.70	1.140	31	4.00	0.782	15	4.04	1.045	16	0.135
P2	Stress about possibility of exposure of virus	3.94	0.958	18	3.96	0.908	13	3.97	0.799	18	3.92	1.026	20	0.978
H2	Low productivity	3.93	1.037	19	3.89	1.047	19	3.95	1.026	22	3.94	1.044	19	0.960
C1	Issues and interruptions in contractual terms	3.90	0.975	20	3.81	1.076	24	3.76	0.863	30	3.98	0.965	17	0.231
P3	Job stress and burnout	3.88	1.027	21	3.94	1.009	15	3.92	1.010	24	3.85	1.047	23	0.862
P1	Social isolation	3.87	0.937	22	3.96	0.884	12	3.84	0.898	26	3.84	0.974	25	0.810
H5	Limited access to construction site	3.86	1.072	23	3.94	1.111	17	4.00	0.913	16	3.79	1.104	28	0.546
F5	Cash flow problem/late payment	3.86	1.104	24	3.70	1.061	29	4.05	0.941	13	3.87	1.164	22	0.324
C2	Increase in disputes, litigation and claims	3.85	1.019	25	3.77	1.108	26	3.73	0.871	31	3.92	1.026	20	0.281
O3	Review on improving existing system	3.84	0.974	26	3.83	0.940	20	3.95	1.026	22	3.81	0.977	26	0.588
P5	Personal needs and family conflict	3.81	0.992	27	3.89	0.914	18	3.78	0.947	27	3.79	1.040	27	0.852
S1	Compulsory body temperature checking	3.79	1.169	28	3.64	1.206	32	3.78	1.031	28	3.85	1.198	24	0.456
O1	Adoption of new technology	3.78	1.035	29	3.79	0.999	25	3.89	1.100	35	3.75	1.035	29	0.668
H1	Reallocation of human resource	3.76	0.942	30	3.70	0.907	28	3.97	0.957	21	3.71	0.949	30	0.335
RC2	Regulatory confusion	3.76	1.013	31	4.09	0.803	8	3.73	0.990	32	3.64	1.071	32	0.058
F4	Cost in providing transportation for workers	3.65	1.091	32	3.49	1.159	35	3.65	0.789	33	3.71	1.145	31	0.471
H4	Work from home challenges	3.63	1.146	33	3.70	1.061	29	3.78	1.031	28	3.55	1.212	33	0.671
F3	Extra cost in appointing COVID-19 health supervisor	3.48	1.114	34	3.40	1.210	37	3.65	0.949	34	3.46	1.126	34	0.625
R2	Tools and equipment unavailable	3.43	1.062	35	3.47	1.231	36	3.57	0.899	37	3.37	1.040	35	0.517
O2	Ability to secure loan at low interest	3.41	1.039	36	3.62	1.033	33	3.62	1.063	35	3.27	1.110	36	0.068
H3	Termination of workers	3.36	1.127	37	3.53	1.177	34	3.62	1.163	36	3.21	1.080	37	0.066

Note(s): SD denotes standard deviation, KW denotes Kruskal–Wallis, * and ** denote the mean is significant at 0.05 and 0.01, respectively

Source(s): Table by authors

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