Table 1 Trends in LULC Classes in Abha,...

Table 1

Trends in LULC Classes in Abha, Saudi Arabia, with Corresponding Statistical Significance

LULC classes	Estimated trend	95% confidence interval	p-value
Built_up	7.1586	[7.15861929, 7.15861929]	0.0883
Water_Body	−0.0283	[−0.02832429, −0.02832429]	0.0390
Dense_vegetation	0.2815	[0.28153286, 0.28153286]	0.1108
Sparse_Vegetation	−0.1213	[−0.12133286, −0.12133286]	0.9283
Cropland	−0.3324	[−0.33237643, −0.33237643]	0.1581
Scrubland	−4.3598	[−4.35983143, −4.35983143]	0.3321
Bare_Soil	−2.2999	[−2.29987929, −2.29987929]	0.4339
Exposed_Rock	−0.2983	[−0.29831143, −0.29831143]	0.9335

LULC classes	Estimated trend	95% confidence interval	p-value
Built_up	7.1586	[7.15861929, 7.15861929]	0.0883
Water_Body	−0.0283	[−0.02832429, −0.02832429]	0.0390
Dense_vegetation	0.2815	[0.28153286, 0.28153286]	0.1108
Sparse_Vegetation	−0.1213	[−0.12133286, −0.12133286]	0.9283
Cropland	−0.3324	[−0.33237643, −0.33237643]	0.1581
Scrubland	−4.3598	[−4.35983143, −4.35983143]	0.3321
Bare_Soil	−2.2999	[−2.29987929, −2.29987929]	0.4339
Exposed_Rock	−0.2983	[−0.29831143, −0.29831143]	0.9335

Note(s): The table quantifies the estimated annual trend for each LULC category, with the 95% confidence interval and p-values indicating the precision and statistical significance of the trend estimates. A positive trend value indicates an increase, while a negative value denotes a decrease in the area of the respective LULC class

Source(s): Table by authors

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